Assessment of non-syndromic orofacial cleft severity and associated environmental factors in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

• Main Authors: Sultan Musaad Alghamdi (Author), Aziza Johar Aljohar (Author), Rana Abdullah Alamoudi (Author), Najla Sulaiman Alrejaye (Author), Fatma Dawood Abdulhameed (Author), Reema Mahdi Alhussain (Author), Latifa Yousef AlGudaibi (Author), Heba Jafar Sabbagh (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Elsevier, 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Summary

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between different environmental risk factors and the severity of cleft lip with/without palate (CL ± P) and cleft palate (CP) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional national study, of government hospitals in 10 cities distributed across major regions of Saudi Arabia, from June 2020 to June 2021. All newborns with CL ± P or CP were clinically examined and evaluated for cleft phenotype severity using the LAHSHAL classification system. Various environmental factors were evaluated by interviewing parents using a validated questionnaire. The severity of CL ± P and CP was evaluated in relation to environmental factors. Results: We recruited 174 patients with non-syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOFC); 122 (70.1 %) had CL ± P and 52 (29.9 %) had CP. After adjusting the odds ratios by ordinal regression for CL ± P and logistic regression analysis for CP, environmental factors that significantly increased the severity of CL ± P were family history of NSOFC, maternal illnesses, and maternal medication use (P = 0.02, adjusted odds ratio [AOR]:2.70; P = 0.002, AOR:3.70; and P = 0.03, AOR:2.14, respectively). Folic acid supplementation in the first trimester significantly reduced the severity of CL ± P and CP (P = 0.001, AOR:0.18 and P = 0.001, AOR:0.012, respectively). Conclusion: The severity of CL ± P was affected by some maternal exposures during the 3-month pre-gestation period. Therefore, our results suggest the possibility of controlling the severity of NSOFC.

Item Description

1013-9052
10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.12.009