Marine fouling: Factors affecting biofouling and future perspectives

• Main Authors: Nikolaos D Papadopoulos (Author), Polyxeni Vourna (Author), Sotirios Xafakis (Author), Nikos Stefanakis (Author), Paraskevi Vourna (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: International Journal of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine - Peertechz Publications, 2023-07-15.
• Subjects: Review Article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

<p>Biofouling of the hulls of ships and vessels, caused by the colonization of animals and plants, is an ongoing problem for the shipping industry. Biofouling evokes surface roughness, which results in higher fuel consumption, emissions, and operating costs. Mitigation of biofouling is a compl...