Short-Term Effects of Pre/Probiotics on P-Cresol and Indoxyl-Sulphate Serum Concentrations During the Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
<p><strong>Background:</strong>The uremic syndrome is provoked by a progressive number of compounds that are normally excreted by kidneys in healthy individuals. Indoxylsulphate (IXS) and p-cresylsulphate (PCS), have been found increased in subjects wi...
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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Format: | Book |
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Archives of Renal Diseases and Management - Peertechz Publications,
2017-05-03.
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Summary: | <p><strong>Background:</strong>The uremic syndrome is provoked by a progressive number of compounds that are normally excreted by kidneys in healthy individuals. Indoxylsulphate (IXS) and p-cresylsulphate (PCS), have been found increased in subjects with end stage renal disease (ESRD) creating great harm to biological systems; these uremic toxins come from the intestinal bacterial fermentation of the proteins.The aim of our study is to evaluate the short-term effects after an administration of pre / probiotics in CKD patients, regarding the production and then the serum concentrations of free IXS and PCS (i.e. non-protein bound fraction) and total IXS and PCS ( i.e. sum of unbound and protein bound fraction).</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> In our study , 26 patients with CKD stage 2-5 associated with hypertension and / or diabetes mellitus type 2 were enrolled, and administered with 2 g/day dose of pre-probiotics for four months: mixed oligofructose (prebiotic component) + Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum (probiotic component). In all patients, at the beginning of the study, kidney function tests, glucose metabolism, PTH and blood uric acid were evaluated. Free and total PCS and IXS were also measured. 20 control subjects with normal renal function were considered in relation to the same parameters.</p><p>After 4 months 19 patients were re-evaluated in relation to the same parameters. Statistical differences were studied using the Student-t paired and unpaired tests.</p> |
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DOI: | 10.17352/2455-5495.000017 |