Measuring autophagy level along with vaccine reactive IFN-+CD4+ Th1 cells may be a promising approach to understand effi cacy of anti TB vaccine(s)

• Main Author: Om Parkash (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Journal of Vaccines and Immunology - Peertechz Publications, 2018-03-21.
• Subjects: Mini Review
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

<p>Autophagy is a homeostatic process in the eukaryotic cells which contributes towards degradation</p><p>of unwanted cellular constituents, killing of the invading intracellular microbes and generation of cell</p><p>mediated immunity (CMI). The professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) like: macrophages and</p><p>dendritic cells, present microbial antigens (derived from engulfed and killed microbe) in combination</p><p>with MHC-II to generate IFN-γ producing CD4+ Th1 cells. Over the years, inducing IFN-γ+ CD4+ Th1</p><p>mediated CMI has remained, predominantly, as the target for developing anti TB vaccine. In individuals,</p><p>where Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacilli invading the APCs evade induction of autophagy, anti</p><p>TB vaccine may not be effective due to lack of presentation of MTB derived antigens to generate and</p><p>re-stimulate vaccine generated memory CD4+ Th1 cells. On the other hand, induction of autophagy in</p><p>the APCs kills the invading MTB bacilli and may suffi ciently present microbial antigens to generate and</p><p>re-stimulate vaccine generated IFN-γ producing CD4+ Th1 memory cells. The re-stimulated memory cells</p><p>then differentiate to effector CD4+ Th1 cells to release IFN-γ which further takes part in activation of</p><p>antimicrobial activity in APCs thereby leading to protection of the vaccinees and sustaining the vaccine</p><p>generated CMI. Keeping all these points in view, a hypothesis has been described here, wherein it has been</p><p>suggested that measuring autophagy activation status in combination with prevalence of IFN-γ producing</p><p>memory/effector CD4+ Th1 cells against vaccine antigens may prove to be promising biomarkers for</p><p>assessing protective effi cacy of anti TB vaccine(s).</p>