How Challenging is the "Scaling Up" of Orthopaedic Simulation?

• Main Authors: Mohamed Mediouni (Author), Neil Vaughan (Author), Sunil H Shetty (Author), Manit Arora (Author), Alexander Volosnikov (Author), Amal Khoury (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Open Journal of Orthopedics and Rheumatology - Peertechz Publications, 2016-06-18.
• Subjects: Research Article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

<p>Innovation is a process that brings progress. In public health, are many definitions of innovation because this concept covers many areas. Michael Porter [1], said that ''innovation includes both improvements in technology and better methods or ways of doing things. It can be manifested in product changes, process changes, new approaches to marketing, new forms of distribution, and new concepts of scope.'' According to Peter Drucker [2], innovation is ''change that creates a new dimension of performance''. Innovation is<br>an idea that needs to be reproducible, to have an economic cost, and must meet a specific need. Innovation must be credible, observable, and relevant. The challenge of innovation is their implementation on the large scale. For that purpose, we must explain what is meant by scaling up, constraints and the strategies to succeed the development of innovation. There have been few attempts to explain what is meant by the scaling up and the term has often been used alongside the terms ''going to scale'' and ''at scale''. In the field of health, Simons et al. [3], mentioned that scaling up is used to increase the coverage<br>of health interventions in order to benefit from the expertise and support political programs on a large scale. It is necessary to identify the constraints to increase the advancement of research and improve<br>clinical outcomes. Several constraints may influence the ability of scaling up include the lack of clear strategies, lacks adequate infrastructure and equipment, lack of human resources, economic factors, skill level and motivation of team work.</p>