UPAYA PENCEGAHAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI POSYANDU DUSUN PALASAH - Tiska Noviasari Hendro, - (2023)
Stunting merupakan kondisi saat tinggi badan kurang ketika dibandingkan dengan umur pada anak akibat kekurangan gizi kronis. Indonesia merupakan negara yang mempunyai peringkat ke-5 kasus stunting paling tinggi di Asia Tenggara (Kemenkes RI, 2018). Kabupaten Sumedang merupakan salah satu dari 60 Kabupaten di Indonesia dengan kasus stunting yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu Kabupaten Sumedang menggencarkan program dalam pengupayaan pencegahan stunting. Dusun Palasah adalah salah satu kampung di Kabupaten Sumedang yang diberikan peluang untuk melakukan pembangunan dalam kesejahteraan masyarakat salah satunya adalah pembangunan kesehatan dalam upaya pencegahan stunting (Patmawati, 2020). Program pencegahan stunting yang dilaksanakan oleh aparatur desa khususnya kader Posyandu dan pihak Puskesmas. Posyandu ialah salah satu pelayanan kesehatan yang termasuk dalam jalur PAUD non formal yakni Pos PAUD. Praktik baik program pencegahan stunting di Posyandu Dusun Palasah dapat menjadi acuan bagi Satuan PAUD Sejenis untuk memenuhi kebutuhan layanan PAUD khususnya dalam bidang kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui (1) profil Posyandu Dusun Palasah, (2) bentuk-bentuk pelayanan yang termasuk dalam upaya pencegahan stunting pada anak usia di Posyandu Dusun Palasah; serta (3) pembagian tugas dan tanggungjawab personil Posyandu Dusun Palasah dalam upaya pencegahan stunting pada anak usia dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data Penelitian yang diperoleh dari 10 orang subjek melalui teknik observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model interaktif dari Miles & Huberman yang mencakup reduksi, display dan generalisasi data. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan temuan berupa (1) profil Posyandu Dusun Palasah yang memiliki perangkat berkualifikasi untuk melaksanakan program pencegahan stunting, (2) bentuk layanan program pencegahan stunting di Posyandu Dusun Palasah meliputi imunisasi dasar lengkap pada bayi, penyuluhan PMT bagi ibu hamil dan balita, dan pemberian tablet tambah darah bagi ibu hamil, serta (3) pembagian tugas dan tanggungjawab terkait pelayanan dalam lingkup program pencegahan stunting antara ketua kader Posyandu, anggota kader Posyandu, bidan desa dan ahli gizi. Rekomendasi penelitian ditujukan bagi orangtua, bagi praktisi PAUD, dan bagi peneliti selanjutnya. Stunting is a condition when the height is less when compared to the age in children due to chronic malnutrition. Indonesia is a country ranked 5th with the highest stunting cases in Southeast Asia (RI Ministry of Health, 2018). Sumedang Regency is one of 60 districts in Indonesia with high stunting cases. Therefore, Sumedang Regency is intensifying programs in efforts to prevent stunting. Palasah Hamlet is one of the villages in Sumedang Regency which is given the opportunity to carry out developments in the welfare of the community, one of which is health development in an effort to prevent stunting (Patmawati, 2020). The stunting prevention program was carried out by village officials, especially Posyandu cadres and the Puskesmas. Posyandu is one of the health services included in the non-formal PAUD route, namely Pos PAUD. The good practice of the stunting prevention program at Posyandu Dusun Palasah can be a reference for similar PAUD units to meet the needs of PAUD services, especially in the health sector. The purpose of this study was to find out (1) the profile of the Posyandu Dusun Palasah, (2) the forms of services included in efforts to prevent stunting in children at the Posyandu Dusun Palasah; and (3) distribution of duties and responsibilities of Posyandu Dusun Palasah personnel in efforts to prevent stunting in early childhood. This study uses a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. Research data obtained from 10 subjects through observation techniques, interviews, and documentation studies. The data analysis technique uses an interactive model from Miles & Huberman which includes data reduction, display and generalization. The results of the study show findings in the form of (1) profiles of the Posyandu Dusun Palasah which have qualified equipment to carry out the stunting prevention program, (2) the form of stunting prevention program services at the Posyandu Dusun Palasah includes complete basic immunization for infants, PMT counseling for pregnant women and toddlers, and giving blood supplement tablets to pregnant women, and (3) division of tasks and responsibilities related to services within the scope of the stunting prevention program between the Posyandu cadre heads, Posyandu cadre members, village midwives and nutritionists. Research recommendations are intended for parents, PAUD practitioners, and future researchers.