PENGEMBANGAN ALAT UKUR STEREOTIP GENDER DALAM POLITIK - Muhammad Fahmi Abdillah, - (2023)
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan instrumen pengukuran stereotip gender dalam politik dengan pendekatan campuran dan melibatkan tiga tahap partisipan: eksplorasi tema (246 orang), uji coba (try out) (353 orang), dan validasi skala (406 orang). Proses pengembangan skala meliputi eksplorasi tema menggunakan kuesioner open-ended dengan teknik analisis open coding; penyusunan item; identifikasi model melalui Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA); validasi skala menggunakan Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) dan korelasi Pearson; serta estimasi reliabilitas Alpha Cronbach. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan reliabilitas tinggi pada skala stereotip gender dalam politik (α= 0.962). Model yang ditemukan mencakup tiga dimensi, diantaranya Normed Chi-Square (NC) = 2.946, Root Mean Square of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.069, dan Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.948 menunjukkan kualitas model yang fit. Validitas konvergen dengan skala stereotip gender (Firdausia, 2018) menunjukkan korelasi yang tinggi (r= 0.797), dan validitas diskriminan dengan General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) Indonesia (Novrianto, 2019) menunjukkan korelasi rendah (r= 0.240), keduanya mengonfirmasi validitas instrumen. Hasil korelasi dengan skala social desirability Indonesia (Oktapialdi, dkk. 2018) sangat rendah (r= 0.020), namun nilai Sig. (2-tailed) tidak signifikan (Sig.= 0.631) sehingga disimpulkan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara bias social desirability dengan stereotip gender dalam politik. The aims of this research is to develop an instrument for measuring gender stereotypes in politics using a mixed-method approach and involving three stages of participants: exploration of themes (246 individuals), try-out (353 individuals), and scale validation (406 individuals). The scale development process includes theme exploration using an open-ended questionnaire with open coding analysis, item construction, model identification through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), scale validation using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Pearson correlation, as well as estimation of Alpha Cronbach reliability. The research findings show a high reliability of the Gender Stereotype in Politics Scale (α = 0.962). The identified model comprised three dimensions, including Normed Chi-Square (NC) = 2.946, Root Mean Square of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.069, and Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.948, indicating a well-fitted model. The convergent validity with the gender stereotype scale (Firdausia, 2018) shows a high correlation (r = 0.797), while the discriminant validity with the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) Indonesia (Novrianto, 2019) shows a low correlation (r = 0.240), both confirming the instrument's validity. However, the correlation with the social desirability scale Indonesia (Oktapialdi, dkk. 2018) is very low (r = 0.020), yet the two-tailed significance value (Sig. = 0.631) indicates no significant relationship between bias social desirability and gender stereotypes in politics.