TINGKAT KECEMASAN ANAK YANG MENGALAMI PENGASUHAN JARAK JAUH (LONG DISTANCE PARENTING): Penelitian Cross Sectional Terhadap Anak dengan Orang Tua sebagai Pekerja Migran - Cika Nadira, - (2023)
Pengasuhan merupakan peran orang tua dimana orang tua bertanggung jawab untuk mengasuh, mendidik, memberikan kasih sayang, rasa aman dan nyaman kepada anak. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya, terdapat beberapa faktor seperti ekonomi, pendidikan dan pekerjaan yang memaksa orang tua untuk hidup terpisah dengan anaknya dan menjalani pengasuhan jarak jauh. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran tingkat kecemasan anak yang mengalami pengasuhan jarak jauh dengan orang tua yang bekerja sebagai pekerja migran serta untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kecemasan anak berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin dan lama anak berpisah dengan orang tua. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional study. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini yakni 40 responden dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan di Kab. Tangerang. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Preschool Anxiety Scale Revised (PASR) milik Spence (2001). Hasil uji validitas pada instrumen sebesar 0,514 dan uji reliabilitas sebesar 0,928. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara penyebaran kuesioner dalam bentuk google form. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 25.0 dengan teknis analisis univariat untuk mengetahui tingkat kecemasan anak yang mengalami pengasuhan jarak jauh. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 23 anak mengalami kecemasan sedang dengan persentase 67,5%. Hasil uji T menunjukkan nilai sig 0,001 < α 0,05 yang artinya terdapat perbedaan tingkat kecemasan anak berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin dan lama anak berpisah dengan orang tua. Rekomendasi dari hasil penelitian ini orang tua dapat bekerja sama dengan orang yang mengasuh anak dengan selalu memperhatikan perilaku anak di rumah untuk mengatasi kecemasan yang anak alami. Parenting is the role of parents where parents are responsible for nurturing, educating, providing affection, a sense of security and comfort to children. However, in practice, there are several factors such as the economy, education, and work that force parents to live separately from their children and doing long distance parenting. The absence of parents to be directly involved in raising, educating, providing love, security, and comfort to children can have a direct impact on children's problems, one of which is anxiety. The purpose of this research is to find out how to describe the level of anxiety of children who experience long distance parenting with parents who work as migrant workers, as well as to determine differences in children's anxiety levels based on age, gender and length of time the child has experienced long distace parenting. This research approach uses a descriptive quantitative approach with a cross sectional study design. The number of samples in this study were 40 respondents with a purposive sampling technique. The location of this research was conducted in Tangerang Regency. The instrument used in this study was Spence (2001) Preschool Anxiety Scale Revised (PASR). The result of the validity test on the instrument was 0.514 and the reliability test was 0.928. The data collection technique was carried out by distributing questionnaires in the form of a Google Form. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 25.0 version with univariate analysis techniques to determine the anxiety level of children experiencing long distance parenting. The result of this study indicate that as many as 23 children experience moderate anxiety with a percentage of 67,5%. The results of the T test show a sig value 0.000 < α 0,05, which means that there are differences in the level of anxiety of children based on age, gender and the length of time the child has been separated from their parents. Recommendations from the results of this research are that parents can work together with people who care for their children by always paying attention to their children's behavior at home to overcome the anxiety their children experience. As a person who always takes care of a child while the parents are away, must also be able to provide a sense of comfort and security so that the child's anxiety can slowly decrease.