PENERAPAN MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA DAN KEWARGANEGARAAN (PPKn) : Penelitian Tindakan Kelas di Kelas XI Pemasaran 2 SMK Negeri 1 Bandung - Fitrianis, Lilik (2015)
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh beberapa masalah yang ditemui dalam proses pembelajaran PKn, yaitu; rendahnya motivasi belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran PKn, yang disebabkan oleh model pembelajaran yang digunakan guru kurang variatif, kreatif dan inovatif, dan metode pembelajaran konvensional yang selalu digunakan oleh guru mengakibatkan kejenuhan dalam diri siswa, mereka kurang termotivasi untuk aktif dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas. Dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut, peneliti menerapkan model Cooperative Learning tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui; kondisi awal pembelajaran PKn sebelum diterapkan model NHT, pelaksanaan penerapan model NHT, peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa setelah penerapan model NHT, kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam penerapan model NHT, dan upaya guru dalam mengatasi kendala penerapan model NHT. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subyek penelitian ini adalah guru mata pelajaran PKn dan siswa kelas XI Pemasaran 2 SMK Negeri 1 Bandung yang berjumlah 36 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan catatan lapangan. Analisis data dengan data reduction, data display, dan conclusion drawing/verification. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian itu penelitian ini yaitu: (1) Kondisi awal pembelajaran PKn kelas XI PS-2 sebelum penerapan model NHT, hasil post test observasi awal 58,33% siswa memperoleh nilai dibawah KKM. (2) Penerapan model NHT sudah berhasil dilaksanakan dengan baik, hasil observasi berfokus terhadap aktivitas guru mengalami peningkatan tiap siklusnya, siklus I menunjukan 58,58%, siklus II 77,86%, dan siklus III 94,29%. (3) Peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa kelas XI PS-2, setelah diterapkan model NHT meningkat, hasil observasi berfokus terhadap aktivitas siswa meningkat setiap siklusnya. Siklus I menunjukkan 55%, siklus II 78,75%, dan siklus III menunjukkan 91,25%. (4) Kendala yang dihadapi guru yaitu guru kesulitan dalam mengelola kelas dan siswa kurang aktif terutama diawal penerapan model NHT. (5) Upaya untuk mengatasi kendala yaitu guru merefleksi proses pembelajaran dan memperbaiki pembelajaran pada siklus selanjutnya, guru memberikan reward kepada siswa yang terlibat aktif dalam proses pembelajaran untuk menumbuhkan motivasi kepada siswa yang lain. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu model pembelajaran NHT mampu meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa di kelas XI PS-2 SMK Negeri 1 Bandung, dalam pembelajaran PKn. Model ini direkomendasikan sebagai alternatif model yang efektif untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa, dalam pembelajaran PKn. This research is motivated by some problems that found in Civics learning process, that is; lack of students motivation on learning Civics, it happened because of learning model that teachers use is less varied, creative and innovative, and conventional learning methods that used by teachers make the students saturated, they are not really motivated to be active students in classroom learning process. To solve these issues, researchers applied a model of Cooperative Learning type Numbered Heads Together (NHT). The aim of this study is to determine; the conditions of Civics lesson before NHT is applied, the implementation of NHT, increasing students' motivation after the NHT was applied, the constraints that faced by teachers in the application of NHT, and the teachers efforts to overcome with the application of NHT. This study is using a qualitative approach, the method Classroom Action Research. The subject of this research is the Civics teachers and students of class XI Civics Marketing 2 SMK 1 Bandung, consist of 36 people. Data was collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and field notes. Data analysis with data reduction, the data display, and conclusion drawing / verification. The results was obtained from this study are: (1) the conditions of learning civics class XI PS-2 before applied NHT, post test results of preliminary observations 58.33% of students scored below the KKM. (2) The application of NHT has been successfully executed, the observation results focused on the teachers activities that has increased each cycle, the cycle I showed 58.58%, 77.86% second cycle, and the cycle III 94.29%. (3) Increasing students motivation XI PS-2, after application of NHT increased, the observation focused on increasing student activity each cycle. Cycle I showed 55%, 78.75% second cycle, and the cycle III showed 91.25%. (4) The obstacles that faced by teachers are teachers' difficulties in managing the class and students are less active, especially at the beginning of the application of NHT. (5) The efforts to deal with those obstacles are teachers should reflect learning process and improve learning in the next cycle, teachers give rewards to the students who are active in learning process to motivate the other students. The conclusion of this research is NHT learning model can improve students' motivation in class XI PS-2 SMK Negeri 1 Bandung in Civics. This model is recommended as an alternative to an effective model to improve students motivation, in learning civics.