PEMBELAJARAN STEREOKIMIA BERBASIS VISUALISASI 3D UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SPASIAL DAN KETERAMPILAN MEMPREDIKSI KESTABILAN MOLEKUL ORGANIK MAHASISWA CALON GURU - Setyarini, M (2017)
Topik stereokimia dalam perkuliahan Kimia Organik teridentifikasi sebagai topik yang sulit dipelajari, oleh karena mahasiswa dituntut mengimajinasikan tatanan ruang struktur 3D molekul yang bersifat abstrak lalu menghubungkannya dengan sifat-sifatnya. Dalam hal ini, model molekul statis molymod kurang memadai untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara struktur 3D molekul dan sifat, seperti halnya kestabilan konformer dan isomer geometri. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan program pembelajaran yang dilengkapi media yang mampu memvisualisasikan struktur spasial molekul sekaligus menghubungkan dengan sifat kestabilannya. Keakuratan penjelasan kestabilan molekul didukung oleh ketersediaan data energi molekul yang dapat diperoleh melalui perangkat lunak kimia komputasi selain kumpulan data dalam literatur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan program pembelajaran stereokimia berbasis visualisasi 3D molekul, untuk meningkatkan penguasaan konsep stereokimia, kemampuan spasial, dan keterampilan memprediksi kestabilan molekul organik mahasiswa calon guru. Program pembelajaran menggunakan software visualisasi 3D molekul dan software kimia komputasi, keduanya berbasis open source, serta Animasi Kekiralan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah mixed methods embedded experimental design research. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia di sebuah LPTK di Provinsi Lampung, tahun akademik 2014/2015. Subjek penelitian merupakan mahasiswa semester 5 yang mengontrak Perkuliahan Kimia Organik Lanjut, terdiri dari kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen, masing-masing ada sebanyak 30 mahasiswa. Kelas kontrol diberi pembelajaran menggunakan media molymod, kelas eksperimen diberi pembelajaran berbasis visualisasi 3D molekul yang terdiri atas kegiatan tutorial praktikum dilanjutkan sesi tatap muka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa efektivitas implementasi program pembelajaran stereokimia berbasis visualisasi 3D yang ditunjukkan oleh koefisien ukuran dampak (d), berkriteria tinggi dalam meningkatkan penguasaan konsep stereokimia (d=1,17), kemampuan spasial (d=1,13), dan keterampilan memprediksi kestabilan molekul organik (d=1,29) bagi mahasiswa calon guru. Peningkatan penguasaan konsep tertinggi terdapat pada subtopik keisomeran geometri (N-gain= 0,61), terendah pada subtopik kekiralan (N-gain= 0,37), keduanya berada pada kriteria sedang. Peningkatan kemampuan spasial tertinggi terdapat pada dimensi utama hubungan spasial (N-gain= 0,53), terendah pada dimensi utama visualisasi spasial (N-gain= 0,37), keduanya berada pada kriteria sedang. Peningkatan keterampilan memprediksi kestabilan molekul organik tertinggi terdapat pada keterampilan memprediksi konformer molekul alifatik (N-gain= 0,67), terendah pada keterampilan memprediksi konformasi molekul siklik (N-gain= 0,43), keduanya berada pada kriteria sedang. Mahasiswa dan dosen memberikan tanggapan positif terhadap implementasi program pembelajaran stereokimia berbasis visualisasi 3D. Program pembelajaran memberikan peluang bagi mahasiswa mengembangkan wawasan mendalam akan keterkaitan antara aspek spasial dan aspek kuantitatif struktur molekul pada perkuliahan Kimia Organik Lanjut.;--The topic of stereochemistry in the course of Organic Chemistry is identified as the most difficult to be learned by students. The topic requires students to imagine the spatial order of a 3D molecular structure that is abstract and then connect it to the properties. The static molymod molecular model is inadequate to explain the relations between the 3D molecular structure and its properties, such as the stability of conformational and geometric isomers. Therefore, a teaching and learning program should be equipped with media that can visualize the spatial structure of molecules and simultaneously connect it to the stability properties is needed. The accuracy of the molecular stability explanation is supported by the availability of energy data that can be obtained through the molecular chemistry software computing besides the data set in the literature.The research aims to develop a teaching and learning program of stereochemistry based on 3D molecular visualization to improve pre-service teachers' mastery of stereochemistry concepts, spatial ability, and the skill in predicting molecular stability. The Learning programs using 3D molecular visualization software, computational chemistry software, both are based on open source, and the Chirality of Animation. The research adopted mixed methods approach with embedded experimental design. It was conducted to the Study Program of Chemistry Education, an institute of teacher training and education in Lampung Province for the academic year 2014/2015. The subjects consisted of the fifth semester students taking the course of Advanced Organic Chemistry, divided into the control class and experimental class, both of them consist of 30 students. The control class was given an instruction using molymod media, while the experimental class with 3D molecular visualization, consisting of practicum tutorials followed by face-to-face sessions. The results of this research show that the instructional program of stereochemistry based on 3D visualization, as indicated by the coefficient of effect size (d), was categorized as highly effective in improving the mastery of stereochemistry concepts (d=1.17), spatial ability (d=1.13), and the skill to predict organic molecular stability (d=1.29) for the students pre-service teachers. The highest improvement in the conceptual mastery was for the subtopic of geometric isomerism (N-gain=0.61), and the lowest one was for the subtopic of chirality (N-gain=0.37); both of them were in the medium category. The highest improvement in spatial ability was for the primary dimension of spatial relations (N-gain=0.53), and the lowest was for the primary dimension of spatial visualization (N-gain=0.37), both were at the medium category.The highest improvement for the skill in predicting organic molecular stability was in the skill of predicting conformers of aliphatic molecules (N-gain=0.67), and the lowest was for the skill of predicting cyclic molecular conformation (N-gain=0.43), both were at the medium category. Positive responses to the teaching and learning program implementation are signified both by students and lecturers. The development of deep insight of students on the relationship between the spatial and quantitative aspects of molecular structure on advanced organic chemistry lectures, is one of the advantages of this teaching and learning program developed.