KRITIK SOSIAL MELALUI PERSPEKTIF ORANG GILA DALAM NOVEL ORANG-ORANG GILA KARYA HAN GAGAS Kajian Sosiologi Sastra - Ghina Meilinda Nursyifa, - (2019)
ABSTRAK Persoalan sosial-politik yang pasti terus bersisian dengan kita tak hentinya menekan diri kita sebagai manusia yang merupakan subjek dari kehidupan sosial-politik tersebut. Persoalan sosial tak hanya terjadi di dunia nyata, banyak sekali sastrawan yang menuliskannya melalui karya sastra. Hal itu merupakan suatu bentuk ungkapan kritik yang berfungsi sebagai kontrol sosial melalui karyanya, seperti sastrawan Rudy Hartanto/Han Gagas yang menulis sebuah novel berjudul Orang-orang Gila. Dalam karyanya, ia membahas banyak sekali kritik sosial. Namun, dalam novel tersebut, kritik sosial itu diungkapkan melalui perspektif orang gila. Itulah yang akan peneliti kaji dalam skripsi ini. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah, 1.) mendeskripsikan struktur novel Orang-orang Gila karya Han Gagas dan 2.) mendeskripsikan kritik sosial yang direpresentasikan dalam struktur novel tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, khususnya deskriptif analitik agar pendeskripsian tersusun secara sistematis dan faktual. Pisau analisis yang digunakan ialah analisis struktural dan kritik sosial sastra melalui kajian sosiologi sastra. Dalam analisis ini, ditemukan bahwa Han Gagas mengangkat sudut pandang orang gila untuk membuktikan bahwa kritiknya terhadap dunia merupakan suatu hal yang dianggap biasa pada kehidupan sosial hari ini. Hal itu ditandai dengan perilaku tokoh utama yaitu orang gila lebih menonjol dengan mengungkap bahwa norma-norma kehidupan seperti, moral, etika, agama, budaya, politik, dan sosial perlu dijunjung tinggi. Amanat yang disampaikan Han Gagas dalam novelnya pun merupakan fenomena sosial yang perlu kita sadari agar menghargai sesama, dengan siapapun dan di manapun. Kata kunci: kritik sosial, perspektif orang gila, sosiologi sastra. ABSTRACT Social political issues in our life seem would not stop to suppress our own self as human being as a subject form that social political life. Social issues did not happen in the real world only as so many litterateurs wrote about that in their works, that was a form of the critical expression that was function as social control through their works, just like Rudy Hartanto or Han Gagas as the litterateurs who wrote a novel with the title "Orang-Orang Gila". In his works, he discussed so many social criticisms. Nevertheless, in that novel a social criticism was disclosed through crazy people perspective and that thing I would investigate in this research. The aim of this research was, 1) to describe the structure of "Orang-Orang Gila" novel by Han Gagas, and 2) to describe the social criticism that was represented in the novel structure. This research was using a qualitative method, especially in analytical descriptive so that the description could be arranged systematically and factually. Additionally, the analysis was used by structural analysis and social criticism of literature through the study of literary sociology. In this analysis was found that Han Gagas was uplifted the crazy people viewpoint to prove his criticism to the world, that was something could be considered as common thing at the social life nowadays. That discovery was marked with the main character's behavior as crazy people who was predominated by uncovering the life norms such as morality, ethics, religions, arts, politics, and socials need to upheld. The message that was delivered by Han Gagas in his novel was somehow a social phenomenon we need to realize in respecting others to whoever we are with and wherever we are at. Keywords: social criticism, crazy people perspective, sociology of literature