PENGEMBANGAN SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN BERBASIS POTENSI DAERAH - Nandan Supriatna, - (2019)
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan potensi sektor unggulan di Kabupaten Garut, (2) mendeskripsikan kondisi eksisting sebaran Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) di Kabupten Garut, dan (3) merumuskan alternatif pengembangan SMK sesuai dengan potensi daerah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di wilayah Kabupaten Garut dengan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik dokumentasi dan survai. Analisis dan identifikasi potensi sektor unggulan daerah dilakukan menggunakan metode analisis Location Quotient (LQ), Analisis Shift Share (SSA), Model Rasio Pertumbuhan (MRP), Tipologi Klassen, dan overlay base economic approach, yang kemudian disinkronisasi dengan rencana pembangunan daerah; sedangkan analisis eksisting SMK dilakukan menggunakan teknik deskriptif. Hasil analisis disajikan secara spasial menggunakan Geographic Information System (GIS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) sektor unggulan di wilayah Kabupaten Garut adalah pertanian, kehutanan dan perikanan; pertambangan dan penggalian; serta industri pengolahan; (2) berdasarkan status sekolah, 92% SMK di Kabupaten Garut dikelola/didirikan oleh swasta/yayasan dengan mayoritas/trend program dan kompetensi keahlian bidang Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK); dan (3) ada lima bidang pengembangan SMK yang relevan dengan sektor unggulan daerah, yaitu agribisnis dan agroteknologi, kemaritiman, energi dan pertambangan, seni dan industri kreatif, serta pariwisata. Rekomendasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) perlu dilakukan kajian lebih mendalam dari aspek lain yang tidak tercakup dalam penelitian ini untuk mengungkap potensi daerah yang dimiliki agar mendorong pertumbuhan dan pembangunan ekonomi Kabupaten Garut, serta (2) perlu dilakukan pengembangan SMK berbasis keunggulan lokal, dengan cara mereposisi bidang, program dan kompetensi keahlian yang tidak relevan. Kata kunci: potensi sektor unggulan daerah; pengembangan SMK  This research intends to: (1) describe the potential leading sectors in Garut District, (2) describe the existing conditions of the distribution of Vocational High Schools in Garut District, and (3) formulate alternative approach for Vocational High Schools development that is in accordance with the region's potential leading sectors. This research was conducted in the area of Garut District using a quantitative research approach. Data was collected through documentation and survey. Identification of the District's leading sectors was conducted using the method of Location Quotient (LQ) analysis, Shift Share Analysis (SSA), Growth Ratio Model (MRP), Klassen Typology, and the overlay the economic approach base, which was then synchronized with the regional development plans; while analysis of the existing SMKs was conducted using descriptive techniques. The results of the analysis are presented spatially using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The findings of the study reveal that: (1) the leading sectors in the Garut District area are agriculture, forestry and fisheries, mining and excavation, and processing industry; (2) 92% of SMKs in Garut District was founded and managed by private foundations, with the majority/trend of subject specialty is Information and Communication Technology (ICT); and (3) five subject specialties of SMK relevant to the region's leading sectors are agribusiness and agrotechnology, maritime energy and mining, arts and creative industries, as well as tourism. Recommendations based on the findings are: (1) to do a further and deeper study that includes analysis of aspects not covered by this research in capitalizing the District's leading sectors to enhance the district's growth and economic development, and (2) to design and develop SMKs with subject specialties that are based on the local excellence by repositioning the field, program and competency of the irrelevant skills. Keywords: potential of regional leading sectors; SMK development