ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN EFISIENSI DAYA DENGAN MENGUKUR BESARNYA DEBIT ALIRAN AIR DAN KETINGGIAN (HEAD) AIR YANG JATUH DI PLTA SAGULING BANDUNG - Andrey Bernad Eka Putra, - (2018)
Energilistrikmerupakankebutuhanpokokataukebutuhanutamadalammenjalankanaktivitasataupekerjaanseharihariumatmanusia, melihatpadaumumnyaalat yang seringdigunakandenganaktivitasseharihari, mayoritas, membutuhkankonsumsienergilistrik. Sumberenergilistrikbisadiperolehdariberbagaimacamsumberenergi yang ada di mukabumiinibaikitusumberenergi yang dapatdiperbaharuimaupun yang tidakdapatdiperbaharui. Salah satusumberenergi yang paling banyakdigunakanyaitu air dan air dapatdiperolehdenganmudah di Sungai atauWaduk. PembangkitListrikTenaga Air (PLTA) merupakanalternatifsumberenergilistrikbagimasyarakat yang menggunakantenaga air sebagaitenagapenggeraknyasepertisaluranirigasi, sungaiatau air terjunalamdengancaramemanfaatkantinggiterjunan (head) danjumlah debit air, penelitian yang dilakukanterhadapPembangkitListrikTenaga Air meliputi: besarnya debit aliran air danketinggian (head) air yang jatuh, rincianperhitungandaya PLTA Sagulingsertahasilefisiensidaya yang diukurpadaturbindan generator denganmengacukepada debit aliran air danketinggian (head) air yang jatuh. Penelitiandilaksanakan di PembangkitListrikTenaga Air (PLTA) Saguling, Kab. Bandung Barat. Bagi yang membacapenelitianinidapatbermanfaatgunamengetahuikarakteristrik yang dimilikiolehsebuahpembangkittenaga air, khususnyabagipesertadidikteknikelektroaruskuat, dengandemikianhaltersebutakanmempermudahdalammenghitungdaya yang dibangkitkanolehpembangkittenaga air dengannilaiinput yang bervariasi. Metode yang digunakandalampenelitianiniadalahmetodekuantitatifmelibatkanbeberapaangka, sehinggamenghasilkansebuahperhitungan. PembangkitListrikTenaga Air (PLTA) menghasilkandayasebesar 700,72 MW yang dibangkitkanoleh 4 unit generator yang masing-masingmemilikidayasebesar 175,18 MW, denganbesar debit aliran air 10,00 L/s danketinggian (head) air yang jatuhbervariasiyaituheadawal 355,7 m, headsaatini 384, 66 m danhead rata-rata 635, 66 m. Generator danturbinpadapembangkitinisebesar 98% dan 93%. Setelahdilakukanperhitunganuntukmencarinilaiefisiensidayapada PLTA Sagulingdenganmengukur debit aliran air dansemuaketinggian (head) air yang jatuhmakadidapatkanhasilbahwanilaiefisiensinyasemuanyasamasebesar 94%, dengandemikiandapatdisimpulkanbahwa ketinggian air yang jatuh (head) tidak berpengaruh terhadap hasil efisiensi dari daya yang dihasilkan meskipun ketinggiannya berbeda-beda dengan mengacu pada debit aliran air yang konstan;---Electrical energy is a basic need or main requirement in carrying out daily activities or daily work of mankind, seeing in general the tools that are often used with daily activities, the majority, require the consumption of electrical energy. Sources of electrical energy can be obtained from various kinds of energy sources that exist on this earth, both renewable and non-renewable energy sources. One of the most widely used energy sources, namely water and water can be obtained easily in rivers or reservoirs. Hydroelectric Power Plant (PLTA) is an alternative source of electrical energy for people who use hydropower as the driving force such as irrigation channels, rivers or natural waterfalls by utilizing the head height and the amount of water discharge, research conducted on Power Plants Water includes: the amount of water flow discharge and the falling water head, details of the power calculation of Saguling Hydroelectric Power Plant and the results of the power efficiency measured in the turbine and generator by referring to the water flow discharge and the falling water head. The research was carried out in the Saguling Hydroelectric Power Plant (PLTA), Kab. West Bandung. For those who read this research, it can be useful to find out the characteristics of a hydropower plant, especially for strong current electro engineering students, thus making it easier to calculate the power generated by hydropower plants with varying input values. The method used in this study is a quantitative method involving several numbers, resulting in a calculation. Hydroelectric Power Plant (PLTA) produces a power of 700.72 MW which is generated by 4 units of generators, each of which has a power of 175.18 MW, with a large water flow rate of 10.00 L / s and water head the fall varies, the initial head is 355.7 m, the current head is 384, 66 m and the average head is 635, 66 m. Generators and turbines in this plant are 98% and 93%. After calculating to find the value of power efficiency in Saguling Hydroelectric Power Plant by measuring the water flow discharge and all the falling water (head), the result is that the efficiency values are all equal to 94%, thus it can be concluded that the water level is not affect the results of efficiency of the power produced even though the altitude varies by referring to the constant flow of water flow.