MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LEARNING CYCLE BERBANTUAN MULTIMEDIA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA KRITIS DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA KOTA BANDUNG - Dian Puspita, - (2020)
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hasil penelitian PISA yang mencengangkan, kemampuan membaca masyarakat Indonesia mengalami penurunan yang signifikan, skor membaca periode 2015 dan 2018 turun dari 397 poin ke 371 poin, sehingga rangking Indonesia turun dari urutan 72 menjadi 77. Hal ini ditujukan dari minta membaca yang rendah ,serta kurangnya pemanfaatan model, teknik, dan media dalam kegiatan pembelajaran membaca. Tujuan penilitian ini adalah mengembangkan model pembelajaran jenis model hipotetik menggunakan model Bruce Joyce dengan langkah sebagai berikut : (1) rasionalisasi, (2) sintaks, (3) sistem sosial, (4) prinsip reaksi, (5) sistem pendukung, (6) dampak instruksional, dan (7) dampak pengiring. Metode penelitian dan pengembangan yang digunakan adalah hasil adaptasi metode penelitian pengembangan Dick, Carey, dan Carey (2009), yang mencakup sepuluh tahapan penelitian dan pengembangan. Teknik wawancara, penyebaran angket dan kuesioner digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kebutuhan siswa terhadap model pembelajaran membaca kritis. Materi membaca kritis hasil adaptasi dari Carnine, dkk. (1990), dan Spears (2006), yang dikembangkan menjadi indikator-indikator pembelajaran mencakup: (1) pengertian dan ciri pembaca kritis, (2) menemukan tujuan penulis, (3) membedakan fakta dan opini, (4) menemukan unsur-unsur urutan, perbandingan, sebab akibat secara tersirat, (5) mengidentifikasi argumen, (6) menganalisis kekeliruan argumen. Berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan, maka model pembelajaran yang dikembangkan adalah model pembelajaran Learning Cycle dengan teknik membaca PQ4R berbantuan multimedia. Uji kelayakan model pembelajaran menggunakan validasi kepada 7 orang ahli dan 2 ahli multimedia yang menghasilkan rata-rata perolehan skor 92% pada tahap validasi pertama dan 100% pada validasi kedua. Keterpakaian model pembelajaran didapatkan berdasarkan angket respon guru, angket terbuka, dan angket tertutup. Angket guru dengan persentase rata-rata menjawab setuju 55%. sangat setuju 36,2% dan cukup 9,02%. Angket terbuka dengan hasil responden memberikan respon yang baik terhadap model pembelajaran Learning Cycle berbantuan multimedia, menurut responden media dan model merupakan hal yang dapat membantu pembelajaran, terutama media yang menarik bagi siswa dan berkaitan langsung dalam kehidupan siswa. Selain itu data yang didapat dari angket tertutup lebih dari 76,8% siswa menjawab setuju dan 19,03% sangat setuju dan 5,01% menjawab cukup. Kata Kunci: Learning Cycle, PQ4R, membaca kritis, multimedia.  ABSTRACT This research is motivated by the results of PISA's astonishing study, the reading ability of Indonesian people has decreased significantly, the reading period is 2015 points and 2018 2018 371 points, so Indonesia's ranking dropped from 72th to 77th. This was aimed at asking for low reading, as well as a lack of use of models, techniques, and media in reading learning activities. The purpose of this research is to develop a hypothetical type of learning model using the Bruce Joyce model with the following steps: (1) rationalization, (2) syntax, (3) social systems, (4) reaction principles, (5) support systems, (6) instructional impact, and (7) accompaniment impact.The research and development method used is the result of an adaptation the research methods of the development Dick, Carey, and Carey (2009), which includes ten stages of research and development. Interview techniques, questionnaires and questionnaires were used to identify students' needs for critical reading learning models. Critical reading material adapted from Carnine (1990), and Spears (2006), which were developed into learning indicators including: (1) understanding and characteristics of critical readers, (2) finding the author's goals, (3) distinguishing facts and opinions, (4) finding elements sequence, comparison, cause and effect implicitly, (5) identifying arguments, (6) analyzing argument errors. Based on the needs analysis, the learning model developed is alearning model Learning Cycle with interactive multimedia-assisted PQ4R reading techniques. The feasibility test of the learning model uses validation to 7 experts and 2 multimedia experts who produce an average score of 92% in the first validation stage and 100% in the second validation. The use of the learning model is based on the teacher's response questionnaire, open questionnaire, and closed questionnaire. Teacher questionnaire with an average percentage answered agree 55%. strongly agree 36.2% and enough 9.02%. Open questionnaire with the results of respondents gave a good response to the learning model of Learning Cycle assisted by interactive multimedia, according to media respondents and the model is something that can help learning, especially media that are of interest to students and are directly related to student life. In addition, the data obtained from a closed questionnaire of more than 76.8% of students answered agree and 19.03% strongly agreed and 5.01% answered enough. Keywords: Learning Cycle, PQ4R, critical reading, multimedia