KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN SISWA SMP DALAM MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH KONTEKSTUAL MATEMATIKA - Melinda Krisdianti, - (2020)
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kemampuan penalaran siswa sekolah menengah pertama, kesalahan dan kesulitan yang dialami siswa dan faktor penyebab siswa kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan masalah kontekstual matematika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 2 Sumedang Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021 sebanyak 6 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan menggunakan tes yang berbentuk uraian, serta wawancara. Berdasarkan analisis hasil tes diperoleh bahwa kemampuan penalaran siswa dikategorikan rendah dengan persentase 34,17%. Kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa yaitu reading error, comprehension error, transformation error, process skill error dan encoding error dalam jumlah yang berbeda. Kesulitan yang dialami oleh siswa antara lain (1) kesulitan konsep, yakni kesulitan dalam memahami gambar dan tabel yang diberikan dari soal, (2) kesulitan prinsip, yakni kesulitan dalam menggunakan rumus, perkalian dan perbandingan, dan (3) kesulitan algoritma, yakni kesulitan dalam langkah penyelesaian. Setelah dianalisis hasil tes dan wawancara diperoleh penyebab siswa mengalami kesulitan disebabkan oleh dua faktor, faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal antara lain siswa kurang teliti dalam menyelesaikan soal, siswa cenderung menghapal rumus, siswa malas dan mudah menyerah, siswa tidak menyukai matematika dan siswa tidak terbiasa mengerjakan soal kontekstual. Faktor eksternal yaitu pembelajaran yang belum bersifat student center. ------- This study aims to examine the reasoning abilities of junior high school students, the errors and difficulties experienced by students, and factors that cause students to have difficulty solving contextual mathematics problems. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The subjects in this study were six students of Junior High School 2 Sumedang in the Academic Year 2020/2021. Data collection techniques were obtained by using tests in the form of descriptions and interviews. Based on the analysis of the test results, it was found that students' reasoning abilities were categorized as low with a percentage of 34.17%. The mistakes made by students included reading errors, comprehension errors, transformation errors, process skill errors and different amounts of encoding errors. The difficulties experienced by students include (1) concept difficulties, namely difficulties in understanding the pictures and tables given from the questions, (2) principle difficulties, namely difficulties in using formulas, multiplication and comparison, and (3) algorithm difficulties, namely difficulty in solving steps. After analyzing the results of the test and interview, it was found that the students' difficulties were caused by two factors, internal and external factors. Internal factors include students being less careful in solving questions, students tend to memorize formulas, students are lazy and give up easily, students do not like mathematics and students are not used to working on contextual questions. The external factor is learning that is not yet a student center.