STABILITAS DAN EFISIENSI BANK UMUM DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF PANGSA PASAR DAN MODAL INTELEKTUAL - Rahmat, - (2021)
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya fakta yang menunjukkan penurunan jumlah bank umum di Indonesia selama tahun 2006-2017, juga operasional bank yang menunjukkan nilai efisiensi yang belum maksimal. Sementara itu hasil penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan adanya perdebatan dalam menjelaskan stabilitas dan efisiensi. Oleh karenanya penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara empiris efisiensi bank dilihat dari aspek modal intelektual dan pangsa pasar bank. Kemudian stabilitas bank yang dilihat dari aspek efisiensi, pangsa pasar, dan modal intelektual bank. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan kausalitas dengan menggunakan data laporan keuangan bank selama tahun 2006-2017 yang bersumber dari Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dengan total sampel sebanyak 1.296 unit. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel berupa two-stage model dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak e-views versi 9.0. Hasil penelitian menemukan, pertama: penguasaan pasar dana pihak ketiga dan kredit tidak terkonsentrasi pada beberapa bank. Dilihat dari aspek modal intelektual, rata-rata bank di Indonesia masuk dalam kategori common performers yang memiliki ciri efisiensi belum tercapai secara maksimal dan begitu pula dengan pemanfaatan teknologi pada semua produk perbankan belum diterapkan secara maksimal. Selanjutnya stabilitas bank umum di Indonesia menunjukkan kondisi stabil, yang mengindikasikan kecil kemungkinan bank mengalami kebangkrutan, disamping itu menunjukkan indikator bank yang sehat. Kedua: pangsa pasar dana pihak ketiga dan kredit, serta modal intelektual berpengaruh signifikan terhadap efisiensi bank; efisiensi bank, pangsa pasar dana pihak ketiga dan kredit, serta modal intelektual berpengaruh signifikan terhadap stabilitas bank. Orisinalitas penelitian ini dengan penelitian lainnya yaitu dari aspek uji model yang digunakan, dalam penelitian ini menggunakan dua model uji penelitian yang menentukan pengaruh terhadap efisiensi bank dan stabilitas bank, serta tahun penelitian selama 2006-2017 yang belum pernah dilakukan oleh penelitian sebelumnya. Kata kunci: Modal intelektual, kompetisi bank, efisiensi bank, stabilitas bank. Rahmat. 2021. "Stability and Efficiency of Commercial Banks in Indonesia From Intellectual Capital and Market Share Perspective". Management Science Doctoral Study Program. Postgraduate School, Indonesian University of Education. Promoter Prof. Dr. H. Disman, M.Sc, Co-Promoter Prof. Dr. Nugraha, SE., M.Sc., Ak., CA, Member Dr. Ikaputera Waspada, M.M. This research is motivated by the fact that shows a decrease in the number of national commercial banks in Indonesia during the years 2006-2017, as well as bank operations that show less than optimal efficiency. Meanwhile, the results of previous studies indicate a debate in explaining stability and efficiency. Therefore, this study aims to empirically analyze bank efficiency in terms of intellectual capital and bank market share. Then the stability of the bank is seen from the aspects of efficiency, competition, and bank intellectual capital. This research uses descriptive and causal methods using bank financial report data for the years 2006-2017 sourced from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) with a total sample of 1,296 units. The data analysis technique used is panel data regression in the form of a two-stage model using the software e-views version 9.0. The results of the study found, first: market control of third-party funds and credit was not concentrated in several banks. Seen from the aspect of intellectual capital, the average bank in Indonesia is included in the common performer's category whose efficiency has not been maximally achieved and the use of technology in all banking products has not been maximally applied. Furthermore, the stability of commercial banks in Indonesia shows a stable condition, which indicates that the bank is unlikely to experience bankruptcy, besides that it shows indicators of a healthy bank. Second: the market share of third-party funds and credit, as well as intellectual capital, have a significant effect on bank efficiency; bank efficiency, market share of third-party funds and credit, and intellectual capital have a significant effect on bank stability. The originality of this study with other studies, namely from the aspect of the model test used, in this study using two research test models that determine the effect on bank efficiency and bank stability, as well as the research year during 2006-2017 which had never been conducted by previous research. Keyword: Intellectual capital, bank market share, bank efficiency, bank stability.