PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN TES TERTULIS KOMPETENSI ABAD KE-21: KETERAMPILAN MENAFSIRKAN DATA DAN BUKTI SECARA ILMIAH PADA KONTEN PANDEMIK COVID-19 - Devi Deratama, - (2021)
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis asesmen keterampilan menafsirkan data dan bukti secara ilmiah pada tes tertulis konten virus dan melakukan pengembangan terhadap instrumen tes tertulis untuk mengukur keterampilan tersebut pada konten pandemik COVID-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode pengembangan. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 133 siswa dari tiga SMA di Kota Bandung. Instrumen yang dikembangkan berupa lembar validasi test blueprint, lembar validasi logis soal dan tes pilihan ganda. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan statistik deskriptif. Analisis butir soal menggunakan Item Respon Theory (IRT) model Rasch yang dibantu dengan software Winstep 3.73. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa soal-soal yang digunakan di sekolah pada konten virus (94,75%) belum mengukur keterampilan menafsirkan data dan bukti secara ilmiah. Selain itu, penelitian ini telah berhasil mengembangkan tiga perangkat soal tes paralel (@30 soal), dengan total butir soal dihasilkan sebanyak 90 soal. Instrumen tes terbukti memiliki kualitas butir soal (item fit) yang baik pada masing-masing paket. Berdasarkan parameter hasil pengujian Rasch Model, sebanyak 88 butir soal berada dalam kategori baik dan 2 butir soal direvisi. Hasil rata-rata measure seluruh paket soal adalah soal sangat sulit 1,39, soal sulit 0,44, soal mudah -0,31 dan soal sangat mudah -1,34. Analisis pada soal linking soal dinyatakan relatif setara. Keseluruhan soal memiliki daya pembeda cukup (2,13), dan reliabilitas person dan item lemah (0,32 dan 0,64). Berdasarkan data proportion correct diketahui kemampuan siswa yang paling tinggi adalah indikator menganalisis dan menafsirkan data dan menarik kesimpulan yang sesuai (KMDBI02) dengan rata-rata 0,34 dan yang paling rendah pada indikator membedakan argumen yang didasarkan pada bukti dan teori ilmiah dengan yang didasarkan pada pertimbangan lain (KMDBI04) dengan rata-rata 0,28. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut maka test blueprint dan perangkat instrumen yang dihasilkan siap diimplementasikan atau dijadikan model asesmen dalam mengukur keterampilan menafsirkan data dan bukti secara ilmiah. Kata Kunci : pengembangan instrumen tes tertulis, keterampilan menafsirkan data dan bukti secara ilmiah, pandemik COVID-19 This study purposes to analyze the assessment of skills in interpreting scientific data and evidence on written tests of viral content and develops a written test instrument to measure these skills in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used is the development method. The research subject were 133 students from three high schools in Bandung. The instruments developed were in the form of a blueprint test, logical validation sheet for questions and a multiple choice test. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively with descriptive statistics. Question analysis using Item Response Theory Rasch's (IRT) model which assisted by Winstep software. The results of this study indicate that the questions used in schools on viral content (94.75%) have not measured the skills to interpret data and evidence scientifically. In addition, this research has succeeded in developing three sets of parallel test questions (@30 questions), with a total of 90 questions produced. The test instrument was verified to have good question (item fit) quality in each package. Based on the parameters of the Rasch Model test results, as many as 88 items were in the good category and 2 items were revised. The average results of the measure of the whole package of questions are very difficult questions 1.39, difficult questions 0.44, easy questions -0.31 and very easy questions -1.34. The analysis on the linking questions is stated to be quite equal. All questions have sufficient discriminatory power (2.13) and the reliability of person and item are weak (0.32 and 0.64). Based on the proportion correct data, known that the highest student ability is an indicator of analyzing and interpreting data and drawing appropriate conclusions (KMDBI02) with an average of 0.34 and the lowest is the indicator of distinguishing arguments based on evidence and scientific theory from those based on other considerations (KMDBI04) with an average of 0.28. Based on the results of the research, the blueprint test and the resulting instrument are ready to be implemented or used as an assessment model in measuring skills in interpreting data and evidence scientifically. Keywords: development of written test instruments, skills to interpret data and evidence scientifically, the COVID-19 pandemic