Desain Pembelajaran Geometri Berbasis Teori Van Hiele dan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) pada Kemampuan Visualisasi, Analisis dan Abstraksi Peserta Didik Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) - Anna Cesaria, - (2021)
Hasil studi pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa pada proses pembelajaran geometri khususnya materi bangun ruang sisi datar di sekolah menengah pertama cenderung menggunakan rumus secara langsung dan penyajian materi yang tidak berkaitan dengan pengalaman kehidupan sehari-hari sehingga belum mampu mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir geometri serta belum menumbuhkan motivasi peserta didik terhadap matematika. Hal tersebut mendasari untuk mendesain alur belajar dalam bentuk aktivitas berdasarkan pengalaman peserta didik (experience-based activities). Penelitian ini dilakukan guna menghasilkan desain pembelajaran geometri materi bangun ruang sisi datar berbasis Teori van Hiele dan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) yang memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis dan efektif bagi peserta didik Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP). Secara operasional, desain pembelajaran terwujud dalam Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) pada buku pegangan guru dan buku pegangan peserta didik. Penelitian ini merupakan design research yang mengkombinasikan model Plomp dengan model Graveimeijer & Cobb dengan 3 tahap. Pada tahap pertama dilakukan penelitian pendahuluan (preliminary research) yang terdiri dari dari analisis kebutuhan, analisis kurikulum, analisis konsep, analisis karakteristik dan literature review. Pada fase kedua dilakukan tahap pembuatan prototipe (prototyping phase) dengan serangkaian formative evaluation: self evaluation, validasi ahli, one-to-one evaluation dan small group. Selanjutnya fase ketiga dilakukan tahap penilaian (assessment phase) melalui field test dan melakukan refleksi terhadap alur belajar peserta didik. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Padang, SMP Negeri 7 Padang dan SMP Negeri 25 Padang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, angket dan tes. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desain pembelajaran geometri materi bangun ruang sisi datar berbasis Teori van Hiele dan RME sudah valid, praktis dan efektif. Valid dari segi isi, bahasa, penyajian dan tampilan. Praktis dari segi daya tarik, proses penggunaan, kemudahan penggunaan, alokasi waktu dan ekivalensi produk. Efektif dari segi dampak potensialnya terhadap kemampuan berpikir geometri peserta didik serta dapat meningkatkan motivasi peserta didik dalam pembelajaran geometri. The previous studies showed that in geometric learning process especially on polyhedra material in junior high schools tended to use direct formulas and its contents were not related to students' experiences in their daily lives, so it could not be able to improve students' geometric thinking, and did not make them motivated on mathematics yet. It became the very basic reason why a learning cycle based on students' experience activities was design. This study aimed to produce Local Instructional Theory (LIT) geometric learning on polyhedra material based on Van Hiele's theory and Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) which met valid, practice, and effective criteria for junior high school students. Optionally, the LIT design will be used as a handbook by teachers and students. This research is a combination of Plomp and Graveimeijer & Cobb model which consist of three phases. On the first phase, a preliminary research was conducted that consisted of needs, curriculum, concepts, characteristic analysis and literature review. On the second phase, a prototype was design with several formative evaluations: self-evaluation, expert validity, one-to-one evaluation, and small group. The third phase was assessment through a field test by doing reflection toward students' learning cycle. Subjects of this research were students in Junior High School 1 Padang on eight grade, Junior High School number 7 and 25 Padang. The data collection techniques used in this study was interviews, observations, questionnaires, and tests. After that, the data were analyzed by using descriptive and statistics test. From the research done by using LIT based on Van Hiele's theory and RME, it showed valid criteria with characteristics: activities in LIT facilitated the students to do vertical and horizontal mathematics process, interactive, students-based, and reflected their art of knowledge from RME. The research product also met the practice criteria which LIT could be applied in all levels of students, helped them to find the concepts, develop their geometric thinking, and the time provided was fair enough to reach the learning goals. LIT based on Van Hiele's theory and RME met the affective criteria which gave positive effect toward students' geometric thinking to motivate them in learning geometry.