TANAMAN PEKARANGAN DAN PEMANFAATANNYA DI DESA GIRIMEKAR KECAMATAN CILENGKRANG KABUPATEN BANDUNG - Muhamad Rizki Fauzi, - (2022)
Lahan pekarangan memiliki fungsi multiguna yang dapat menghasilkan berbagai bahan pangan seperti umbi-umbian, buah-buahan, sayur, tanaman obat, bahan tanaman rempah dan bahan kerajinan tangan. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengungkap sejauh mana peranan pekarangan dan manfaat tanaman pekarangan bagi masyarakat Desa Girimekar. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif secara kualitatif. Langkah yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari empat tahap: (1) inventarisasi tanamasn pekarangan, (2) observasi mengenai manfaat tanaman bagi masyarakat dengan cara wawancara dan angket dan (3) pengukuran faktor abiotik dan (4) pemetaan kerapatan vegetasi menggunakan GIS. Sampel sebanyak 100 pekarangan (3,3%) dari total populasi diambil kemudian dilakukan identifikasi tanaman. Faktor klimatik serta edafik diukur dengan metode stratified random sampling dimulai dari area hilir hingga ke hulu di Desa Girimekar. Hasil yang diperoleh didapatkan sejumlah 36 famili dengan 76 spesies dan jumlah individu sebanyak 1412. Tanaman lidah mertua (Sansevieria trifasciata) menjadi tanaman yang paling banyak ditemukan dengan jumlah 114 individu (8,07%) dari total individu. Tanaman pekarangan yang berhabitus pohon banyak ditemukan pada area hulu contohnya seperti pohon kopi (Coffea arabica), mangga (Mangifera indica), pepaya (Carica papaya), alpukat (Persea americana), nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus). Semakin menuju kearah hilir, tanaman pekarangan yang ditemukan terdiri dari jenis tanaman hias dan herba terutama famili Araceae. Bagi masyarakat Desa Girimekar tanaman pekarangan dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan ekonomi, konsumsi pribadi, peneduh halaman dan kebutuhan sehari-hari. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapat terjadi perbedaan pemanfaatan pekarangan dari area hulu ke hilir di Desa Girimekar, hal ini disebabkan oleh kebutuhan serta luas area lahan pekarangan masyarakat. The yard has a multifunction that produce various food ingredients such as tubers, fruits, vegetables, medicinal plants, spice plant materials and handicraft materials. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the extent of the role of the yard and the benefits of yard plants for the people of Girimekar Village. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The steps taken in this study consisted of four stages: (1) inventory of garden plants, (2) observation of the benefits of plants for the community by means of interviews and questionnaires (3) measurement of abiotic factors and (4) vegetation density mapping using GIS. A sample of 100 yards (3.3%) of the total population was taken and then plant identification was carried out. The climatic and edaphic factors were measured by purposive sampling method starting from the downstream area to the upstream area in Girimekar Village. The results obtained were 36 families with 76 species and 1412 individuals. Snake plants (Sansevieria trifasciata) was the most common plant with 114 individuals (8.07%) of the total individuals. Garden plants with tree habits are commonly found in upstream areas, for example, coffee trees (Coffea arabica), mango (Mangifera indica), papaya (Carica papaya), avocado (Persea americana), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). The more towards the downstream, the garden plants found consisted of ornamental and herbaceous plants, especially the Araceae family. For the people of Girimekar Village yard plants are used for economic needs, personal consumption, as yard shade and daily needs. Based on the results obtained, there are differences in the use of yards from upstream to downstream areas in Girimekar Village, this is due to the needs and area of community yards.