WORK BASED LEARNING (WBL) DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN (SMK) : IMPLEMENTASI PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEKNIK OTOMOTIF - Dadang Hafid, - (2022)
ABSTRAK Revolusi industri 4.0 telah mempengaruhi berbagai sektor, termasuk bidang Pendidikan Kejuruan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model Work-Based Learning (WBL) untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK), yang meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi, serta untuk memperoleh bukti tentang efektivitas, kekuatan dan kelemahan pembelajaran. model WBL yang dikembangkan. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan Design-Based Research (DBR) yang terbagi dalam 4 tahap, yaitu identifikasi dan analisis masalah, pengembangan prototipe program, pengujian dan implementasi prototipe program, dan refleksi untuk mendapatkan prinsip desain yang diharapkan dan mengatasi berbagai permasalahan yang dihadapi. Need assessment berupa survey diberikan kepada beberapa SMK penyelenggara WBL sebagai identifikasi dan analisis masalah, kemudian dikembangkan pola WBL berdasarkan data need assessment di lapangan, dilanjutkan dengan proses uji efektivitas di SMK dengan membandingkan dua kelas otomotif yang diberikan perlakuan yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa WBL yang diterapkan di beberapa SMK terbukti berhasil memberikan hasil yang positif bagi peningkatan kompetensi siswa SMK. Namun dalam pelaksanaan program tersebut ternyata masih terdapat kelemahan. Untuk mengatasinya, desain WBL disusun dengan menyelaraskan kurikulum nasional, kurikulum industri, dan standar kualifikasi kerja (SKKINI). Untuk menguji keefektifan model, dilakukan pengujian dengan menerapkan model WBL pada SMK Otomotif, setelah dilakukan pengujian dengan cara membandingkan kompetensi siswa SMK otomotof yang diberikan perlakuan model WBL dengan siswa otomotif yang tidak diberiakn perlakuan menunjukkan bahwa dari ketiga aspek kompetensi yang diuji, dua aspek menunjukkan hasil positif sehingga dinyatakan efektif. Daria semua tahapan penelitian diahiri dengan kegiatan panel expert untuk mendapatkan model final yang siap di implementasikan di SMK Otomotif. Model pembelajaran WBL telah sukses dan berhasil diterapkan di beberapa SMK di Jawa Barat dengan keunggulan dan kelemahannya sehingga harus terus dikembangkan agar didapatkan flatform yang sesuai dan mudah diaplikasikan pada satuan pendidikan menengah kejuruan. Kata kunci: Work Bassed Learning, Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan, Kompetensi Otomotif, ABSTRACT The industrial revolution 4.0 has affected various sectors, including the field of Vocational Education. This study aims to develop a Work-Based Learning (WBL) model to improve the quality of the learning process in Vocational High Schools (SMK), which includes planning, implementation and evaluation, and to obtain evidence about the effectiveness, strengths and weaknesses of the developed WBL model. This study implemented a Design-Based Research (DBR) approach divided into 4 stages, namely problem identification and analysis, program prototype development, testing and implementation of program prototypes, and reflection to obtain the expected design principles and overcome various problems encountered. Need assessment in the form of a survey was given to several VHS organizers of WBL as problem identification and analysis, then the WBL prototype was developed based on the need assessment data in the field, followed by the effectiveness testing process in VHS. In addition, selected learning materials were also analysed in relation to the relevance with the proposed model. The results of the study showed that WBL applied in several VHS has proven to be successful in providing positive results for increasing the competence of VHS students. However, in the implementation of the program, it turns out that there are still weaknesses. To overcome them, the WBL design was prepared by aligning the national curriculum, industry curriculum, and work qualification standard. To test the effectiveness of the model, a test was carried out by applying the WBL model to the Automotive Vocational School, after the test was conducted by comparing the competencies of the automotive VHS students who were given the WBL model treatment with automotive students who were not given treatment. It showed that of the three competency aspects tested, two aspects showed results positive so that it is declared effective. From all stages of the research, the activity of the expert panel ended with the activity of the expert panel to get the final model that was ready to be implemented at the Automotive Vocational School. The WBL learning model has been successful and has been successfully implemented in several vocational schools in West Java with its advantages and disadvantages, so it must continue to be developed in order to obtain an appropriate and easy-to-apply platform for vocational secondary education units. Keywords: Work-based learning,Vocational High School, Automotive Competency