PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LIFE SKILLS BERBASIS PENDEKATAN KEAGAMAAN BAGI PEMBINAAN NARAPIDANA : Studi Deskriptif di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas 1 Sukamiskin Bandung - Sulaiman, A. Banadji (2010)
egiatan pembinaan selama ini masih kurang menunjukkan keberhasilan yang diharapkan oleh semua kalangan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, perlu pengembangan model pembelajaran kecakapan hidup (life skills) yang berbasis pendekatan keagamaan dapat dijadikan salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi dan mengantarkan para narapidana menjadi baik dan kembali kejalan yang benar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara signifikan pengembangan model pembelajaran life skills yang berbasis pendekatan keagamaan bagi narapidana baik secara konseptual, empirikal maupun jenis - jenis keterampilan / kecakapan hidup (life skills) termasuk faktor - faktor penyebab masuk lapas dan kendala-kendala dalam penelitian, serta pelaksanaan uji lapangan. Teori yang dijadikan rujukan dalam peningkatan kemampuan untuk hidup mandiri dan wawasan keagamaan yaitu teori life skills (Brolin 1989/Tim BBE Depdiknas 2001), teori Andragogi (Knowles 1984), teori kebutuhan (Maslow 1954), teori agama (Turner dalam Brian Morris 2003), teori belajar (D. Sudjana, S. 2000), dan teori Al Qur'an S. Ali Imran:159 dan S. An Nahl:125. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode riset dan pengembangan (research and development) dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, studi dokumentasi, diskusi kelompok dan pemecahan masalah. Subjek penelitian adalah Pembina lapas (Kepala), tutor/ fasilitator, bimpas dan narapidana. Untuk mengetahui efektivitas model, data diolah dengan menggunakan uji lapangan yaitu dilakukan secara berulang dan berkesinambungan, mulai dari pengembangan produk awal, pengujian kelayakan model sampai dihasilkannya model akhir yang dapat digunakan di lapangan. Model ini dilandasi oleh tujuh komponen, yaitu: rasional, tujuan, ruang lingkup dan paradigma model, tahapan model, produk model yang dikembangkan, kriteria keberhasilan, serta organisasi dan manajemen. Dalam uji lapangan, model ini dilengkapi teknik-teknik pembelajaran sehingga mampu memberikan kemudahan kepada fasilitator dalam menerapkan model. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat beberapa temuan, di antaranya adalah: (1) masih kurangnya tenaga fasilitator, bimpas dan tenaga keagamaan (Islam), (2) sarana/prasarana dan media pembelajaran masih kurang memadai, (3) rendahnya motivasi narapidana dalam mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran, (4) belum memiliki kurikulum yang refresentatif, (5) minimnya anggaran biaya untuk kegiatan pembinaan, (6) terbatasnya waktu untuk melakukan wawancara dengan narapidana, dan (7) tidak diperkenankan untuk melakukan pemotretan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini sekaligus merekomendasikan, bahwa pembelajaran life skills berbasis pendekatan keagamaan bagi pembinaan narapidana di lembaga pemasyarakatan perlu terus dikembangkan, karena ternyata mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan, pemahaman keagamaan (Islam) dan kesadaran dalam melaksanakan ajaran agama serta pembentukan kemandirian narapidana. The development of the life-skills religious based learning model for the inmates at the First class gaol correction institution of Sukamiskin Bandung, is regarded crucial for same reason that the improvement activities have, so far, brought out no success as has been expected by all elements of the communities. Hence, it is necessary to develop a religious approach based life skills learning model which is a solution to overcome and lead all the inmates to be good and be back to the right way (track). The objective of this research is to significantly learn the development of the religious based approach life skills learning model both conceptually, empirically, in clouding the types of skills/life skills covering all the factors that caused them to be in jails and all the obstacles in conducting this research as well as the realization of the field test. The theories which underlie the improvement of the capability of the independent life with religious insights are those of life skills (Brolin 1989/Team BBE Depdiknas 2001), theory of Andragogy (Knowles 1984), needs theory (Maslow 1954), religious theory (Turner in Brian Morris 2003), Tiori Belajar (D. Sudjana S. 2000) and the Koran theories, verse: Ali Imran:159 and An Nahl:125. The study employs the research method and development with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The data were collected by means of interviews, observations, study of documents, group discussions and problem solving. The subjects of the research consist of warden, tutors/facilitators, jail/guide (Bimpas) and jail inmates. To learn the model effectiveness, the data are processed by using the field test repeatedly and continually, starting from the development of raw product, testing the model proper lines until the time when the final model is brought out that can be used in the field. This model is based on seven (7) components: rationalization, objective, scope and model paradigm, the product of model being developed, success criteria as well as management and organization. In the field test, this model is completed with some learning strategies so that it is capable of giving facility to the facilitators in implementing the model. In this study, saveral findings have been found, these are: (1) the lack of number of facilitators, jail/guide (bimpas) and Islamic experts, (2) inappropriate infrastructure and learning media. (3) the poor in mates, motivation in attending the learning activities, (4) the inavailabilty of representative curriculum, (5) the lack of finance for management activities, (6) the very limited time for interviewing the inmates and (7) no photography is allowed. The research conclusions that serve as recommendation at the same time read that religious based life skills learning for the inmates in the jail (gaol) correction institution needs to be improved as it can in crease: knowledge, skills, religious (Islamic) understanding and the awareness of carrying out religious duties as well as the self reliance of the inmates.