PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PELATIHAN KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA DENGAN PENDEKATAN HEUTAGOGI PADA KOMUNITAS ORGANISASI SOSIAL - Baharman, - (2023)
Terampil berbicara bagi anggota komunitas organisasi sosial merupakan penguasaan kompetensi abad 21, yaitu komunikasi, kreasi, kolaborasi, dan berpikir kritis. Untuk memutakhirkan kompetensi tersebut, sekaligus menjawab tantangan revolusi industri 4.0 dan tantangan society 5.0 diperlukan pendekatan pelatihan bagi anggota komunitas organisasi sosial yang sesuai dengan zaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan model pelatihan berbicara dengan mengimplementasikan pendekatan heutagogi (Hase dan Kenyon, 2000; Blaschke, 2012) pada komunitas organisasi sosial. Metode penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu design based research (Reeves, 2006) dengan tahapan: (1) analisis kebutuhan dan masalah terkait kemampuan berbicara anggota komunitas organisasi sosial; (2) desain awal model pelatihan berbicara dengan pendekatan heutagogi sebagai solusi; (3) pengembangan model pelatihan berbicara dengan pendekatan heutagogi sebagai pengujian dan penyempurnaan solusi; dan (4) respons pelibat pelatihan terhadap model pelatihan berbicara dengan pendekatan heutagogi sebagai penguatan prinsip desain model. Instrumen penelitian yang dipakai, yaitu pedoman wawancara, angket, lembar observasi, dan pedoman penilaian kemampuan berbicara. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah anggota dari empat komunitas organisasi sosial di Kota Makassar yang berjumlah 32 orang. Model pelatihan yang dihasilkan adalah pelatihan keterampilan berbicara berupa: pidato, presentasi, bercerita, dan wawancara dengan penerapan pendekatan heutagogi yang mengacu pada sintak eksplorasi, kreasi, kolaborasi, koneksi, refleksi, dan berbagi/ distribusi pada komunitas organisasi sosial di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menghasilkan empat hal, yaitu: (1) kemampuan awal keterampilan berbicara anggota komunitas dan kebutuhan untuk mendapatkan pelatihan; (2) dihasilkan model pelatihan berbicara dengan pendekatan heutagogi yang efektif digunakan dengan nilai rerata kemampuan berbicara: pada uji terbatas, yaitu 75 (tinggi) dan pada uji luas, yaitu 90 (sangat tinggi); (3) dihasilkan buku panduan model pelatihan berbicara dengan pendekatan heutagogi; dan (4) respons pelatih menunjukkan tanggapan positif bahwa aspek pelatihan terlaksana secara efektif dan terukur pada aktivitas, keaktifan, dan peningkatan kemampuan peserta. Respons peserta pelatihan, yaitu 21,9% setuju dan 78,1% sangat setuju bahwa model pelatihan berbicara pendekatan heutagogi efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara anggota komunitas organisasi sosial. Being skilled at speaking for members of the social organization community is the mastery of 21st century competencies, namely communication, creation, collaboration, and critical thinking. To acquire these competencies, in spite of facing the challenges of the industrial revolution 4.0 and the challenges of society 5.0, a training approach for members of the social organization community is a crucial effort. This study aims to produce a model of speaking training by implementing a heutagogic approach (Hase and Kenyon, 2000; Blaschke, 2012) in a community of social organizations. This study adopts a Design-Based Research (Reeves, 2006) through the following stages: (1) analysis of needs and problems related to the speaking ability of members of the social organization community; (2) the initial design of a speaking training model with a heutagogic approach as a solution; (3) development of a speaking training model with a heutagogic approach as a test and refinement of solutions; and (4) the response of the training participants to the speaking training model with a heutagogic approach as a strengthening of the model design principles. The research instruments used were interview guides, questionnaires sheets, observation sheets, and speaking skills assessment guidelines. 32 members of four social organization communities, located in Makassar, were the main data sources for conducting this study. The training model is speaking skills training in the form of: speeches, presentations, storytelling, and interviews with the application of a heutagogic approach that refers to the syntax of exploration, creation, collaboration, connection, reflection, and sharing/distribution in the social organization community in Makassar. Four main results of this study, namely: (1) the identification of the initial speaking ability of social organization community and training needs; (2) producing an effective speaking training model with a heutagogic approach with an average score of speaking ability: in the limited test, which is 75 (high) and in the broad test, which is 90 (very high); (3) to produce a guidebook for speaking training models using a heutagogic approach; and (4) the trainer's response showed a positive response that the aspects of the training were carried out effectively and measurably in the activities, activeness, and improvement of the participants' abilities. The responses of the trainees are 21.9% agreed and 78.1% that they strongly agreed the heutagogic speaking training model was effectively used to improve the speaking skills of members of the social organization community.