KERANGKA KERJA LAYANAN BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING PERNIKAHAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN ECOSYSTEMIC DALAM MEMBANGUN PERNIKAHAN YANG SUKSES : Studi Bimbingan dan Konseling Pernikahan pada Keluarga Sakinah Teladan di Kalimantan Barat - Sri Hidayati, - (2023)
Sri Hidayati. 2023. Kerangka Kerja Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling Pernikahan dengan Pendekatan Ecosystemic dalam Membangun Pernikahan yang Sukses (Studi Bimbingan dan Konseling Pernikahan pada Keluarga Sakinah Teladan di Kalimantan Barat). Secara umum, tujuan penelitian ini menghasilkan kerangka kerja layanan bimbingan dan konseling pernikahan dengan pendekatan ecosystemic sebagai panduan bagi konselor/fasilitator dalam membantu pasangan suami istri membangun pernikahan yang sukses. Penelitian ini didasari oleh data bahwa angka kasus perceraian di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Berbagai upaya preventif telah dilakukan oleh sejumlah pihak berkepentingan, namun belum menunjukkan hasil yang menggembirakan. Di sisi lain, layanan bimbingan dan konseling dimungkinkan dan diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi alternatif upaya preventif terhadap maraknya perceraian. Melalui layanan bimbingan dan konseling pernikahan, diharapkan pasangan suami istri dapat membangun pernikahan yang sukses agar tidak berakhir dengan perceraian, sehingga tercapai keluarga sakinah. Namun, belum ada pedoman atau kerangka kerja berbasis kajian empirik yang dapat digunakan dalam memberikan layanan bimbingan dan konseling pernikahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan multimetode berurutan yang terdiri atas tiga tahapan penelitian, yaitu pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologis, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dan Delphi method. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan: (1) interaksi suami istri mengembangkan hubungan dalam kehidupan pernikahan terentang sejak pranikah hingga sepanjang kehidupan pernikahan. Dimulai dari pertemuan awal hingga memelihara hubungan di sepanjang kehidupan pernikahan; (2) interaksi suami dan istri dengan keluarga pasangannya merupakan proses mengenal, menyesuaikan diri dengan mertua dan saudara pasangan, yang terus dijalin melalui intensitas silaturahmi dengan kedua keluarga, serta membutuhkan optimalisasi peran dari masing-masing pasangan dalam membantu mengenal keluarganya; (3) interaksi lingkungan pekerjaan dengan kehidupan pernikahan menunjukkan kecenderungan yang positif terhadap perasaan menghadapi tuntutan pekerjaan (time strain), pengaruh pekerjaan terhadap hubungan dengan pasangan dan pengaruh masalah di rumah terhadap pekerjaan (work spillover), serta perasaan melihat kesibukan pasangan (crossover); (4) makna peran gender sebagai konstruksi sosial kehidupan modern dalam perspektif suami dan istri menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pemahaman patriarkis masih hadir dalam kehidupan keluarga Muslim, namun pemahaman tersebut bergerak ke arah pemahaman dan pengimplementasian peran gender yang egaliter. Bentuk keluarga tradisional mulai bergerak ke arah keluarga nontradisional; dan (5) kerangka kerja layanan bimbingan dan konseling pernikahan dengan pendekatan ecosystemic telah tersusun dan tervalidasi oleh para ahli, praktisi, serta pengambil kebijakan dan layak untuk digunakan. Kerangka kerja ini memuat rasional, makna bimbingan dan konseling pernikahan dengan pendekatan ecosystemic, tujuan, sasaran/ruang lingkup, materi bimbingan dan konseling pernikahan, keterampilan bimbingan dan konseling pernikahan, karakteristik konselor/fasilitator pernikahan, proses dan tahapan bimbingan dan konseling pernikahan, evaluasi proses dan hasil pelaksanaan layanan bimbingan dan konseling pernikahan, dan penutup. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk menguji efektivitas keterlaksanaan kerangka kerja layanan bimbingan dan konseling pernikahan dengan pendekatan ecosystemic. Sri Hidayati. 2023. Marriage Guidance and Counseling Services Framework An Ecosystemic Approach to Building a Successful Marriage (Study Marriage Guidance and Counseling on the Sakinah Exemplary Family in West Kalimantan). In general, this research aims to produce a framework for marriage guidance and counselling services with an ecosystemic approach as a guide for counsellors/facilitators in helping married couples build successful marriages. This research is based on data that the number of divorce cases in Indonesia continues to experience a significant increase. Various preventive efforts have been carried out by some interested parties but have not shown encouraging results. On the other hand, guidance and counselling services are possible and are expected to be an alternative solution for preventive efforts against the rise of divorce. Through marriage guidance and counselling services, it is hoped that married couples can build a successful marriage so that it does not end in divorce and that a sakinah family is achieved. However, there are no guidelines or frameworks based on empirical studies to provide marriage guidance and counselling services. This study uses a sequential multimethod, which uses three research stages: a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design, a Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and the Delphi method. This study resulted in the findings: (1) husband and wife interactions develop relationships in married life spanning from premarital to married life. Starting from the initial meeting to maintain the relationship throughout married life; (2) the interaction of husband and wife with their partner's family is a process of getting to know, adjusting to the spouse's in-laws and siblings, which continues to be woven through the intensity of the relationship with the two families, and requires optimizing the role of each partner in helping to get to know their family; (3) the interaction of the work environment with married life shows a positive tendency towards feelings of facing work demands (time strain), the effect of work on relationships with partners and the effect of problems at home on work (work spillover), as well as feelings of seeing a partner's busyness (crossover) ; (4) the meaning of gender roles as a social construction of modern life in the perspective of husband and wife shows that the influence of patriarchal understanding is still present in Muslim family life, but this understanding moves towards understanding and implementing egalitarian gender roles. Traditional family forms began to move toward non-traditional families, and (5) the framework for marriage guidance and counselling services with an ecosystemic approach has been compiled and validated by experts, practitioners, and policy makers and is feasible to use. The framework includes rational, meaning guidance and counselling wedding with approach ecosystemic, goal, goal/space scope, material guidance and counselling marriage, skills guidance and counselling wedding, characteristics counsellor/facilitator marriage, process and stages guidance and counselling marriage, process and outcome evaluation implementation service guidance and counselling wedding, and closing. Further research is needed to test the effectiveness of implementing the framework of marriage guidance and counselling services with an ecosystemic approach.