DAMPAK GERAKAN ANTI SWAPRAJA BAGI KADIPATEN MANGKUNEGARAN DI MASA PEMERINTAHAN MANGKUNEGARA VIII (1944-1974)

• Main Author: Muhamad Rio Novandana, - (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: 2023-07-27.
• Subjects: Thesis; NonPeerReviewed
• Online Access: Link Metadata
• Notes: http://repository.upi.edu/97800/1/S_SEJ_1909271_Title.pdf; http://repository.upi.edu/97800/2/S_SEJ_1909271_Chapter1.pdf; http://repository.upi.edu/97800/3/S_SEJ_1909271_Chapter2.pdf; http://repository.upi.edu/97800/4/S_SEJ_1909271_Chapter3.pdf; http://repository.upi.edu/97800/5/S_SEJ_1909271_Chapter4.pdf; http://repository.upi.edu/97800/6/S_SEJ_1909271_Chapter5.pdf; http://repository.upi.edu/97800/7/S_SEJ_1909271_Appendix.pdf
• Keywords: DS Asia; HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform; L Education (General)

Penulisan skripsi ini dilatarbelakangi atas ketertarikan penulis mengenai sejarah Jawa terutama sejarah mengenai kerajaan pecahan Kesultanan Mataram Islam, salah satunya Kadipaten Mangkunegaran. Suatu gerakan sosial besar pernah terjadi di Surakarta, dinamakan sebagai Gerakan Anti Swapraja, gerakan ini memberikan dampak yang signifikan dalam beberapa bidang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak yang ditimbulkan dari Gerakan Anti Swapraja di Mangkunegaran dalam bidang politik dan sosial. Metode yang digunakan merupakan metode historis dengan langkah-langkah seperti heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan, pertama, kondisi Mangkunegaran masa sebelum pemerintahan Mangkunegara VIII merupakan masa yang damai, dimana adanya hubungan baik antara Pemerintahan Hindia Belanda dan juga Mangkunegaran, namun hal ini berbanding terbalik pada saat Pemerintahan Jepang datang dan di masa yang sama Mangkunegara VIII menjabat, menyebabkan pemerintahan di Mangkunegaran hampir seluruhnya dikendalikan Jepang. Kedua, terjadinya gerakan anti swapraja di Surakarta disebabkan atas keterpurukan rakyat di masa-masa sebelum dan menjelang revolusi, ditambah dinaunginya masyarakat oleh gerakan-gerakan sosial kelompok oposisi di Surakarta. Ketiga, dampak dari politik yang diderita Mangkunegaran yaitu kehilangan posisinya sebagai penguasa, kemudian terjadinya nasionalisasi aset Mangkunegaran yang menyebabkan Mangkunegaran tidak memiliki kuasa setelah terjadinya gerakan. Keempat, mengenai kondisi sosial Surakarta yang bukan merupakan suatu tempat yang aman setelah diambilnya swapraja, banyaknya aksi kerusuhan di Surakarta menyebabkan Surakarta menjadi tempat yang lama untuk dipulihkan, dan dalam bidang kebudayaan pergeseran kebudayaan sakral yang kemudian beberapa bisa dinikmati dan dijadikan pertunjukan bagi masyarakat biasa disebabkan pula oleh terjadinya gerakan ini. The background of writing this thesis is the author's interest in Javanese history, especially the history of the broken kingdoms of the Islamic Mataram Sultanate, one of which is the Duchy of Mangkunegaran. A large social movement has occurred in Surakarta, named as the Anti Swapraja Movement, this movement has had a significant impact in several fields. This study aims to examine the impact of the Anti Swapraja Movement in Mangkunegaran in the political and social fields. The method used is a historical method with steps such as heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded, first, the condition of the Mangkunegaran before the reign of Mangkunegara VIII was a peaceful period, where there was good relations between the Dutch East Indies Government and also the Mangkunegaran, but this was inversely proportional to when the Japanese Government came and at the same time Mangkunegara VIII was in office, causing the government in Mangkunegaran to be almost entirely controlled by the Japanese. Second, the occurrence of the anti- self-governing movement in Surakarta was caused by the downfall of the people in the periods before and before the revolution, plus the protection of society by the social movements of the opposition groups in Surakarta. Third, the impact of politics suffered by the Mangkunegaran, namely the loss of his position as ruler, then the nationalization of Mangkunegaran assets which caused the Mangkunegaran to have no power after the movement occurred. Fourth, regarding the social condition of Surakarta which was not a safe place after being taken over as autonomous, the many riots in Surakarta caused Surakarta to become a long- standing place to restore, and in the cultural field the shift of sacred culture which later could be enjoyed and made into a show for ordinary people was also caused by the occurrence of this movement.