Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Plasticity: Dynamic Changes in Neurons Functions

• Other Authors: Martella, Giuseppina (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023
• Subjects: Research & information: general; Biology, life sciences; autophagy; proteasome; immunoproteasome; mTOR; T-cells; glia; dopamine; glutamate; neuro-inflammation; glucocorticoids; noradrenaline; tyrosine hydroxylase; reticular formation; dopamine transporter; Parkinson's disease; PINK1; caspase-3; striatum; synaptic plasticity; long-term depression; brain networks; connectivity; Alzheimer's disease (AD); schizophrenia; long-term potentiation (LTP); synaptic scaling; resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI); inflammation; multiple sclerosis; neuregulins; ErbB receptors; LTP; LTD; hippocampus; midbrain dopamine neurons; brain connectivity; brain development; gut-brain axis; neurodevelopmental diseases; neuronal cytoarchitecture; neuroplasticity; regulatory T cells; serotonin (5-HT); endocannabinoid system; spatial learning; dorsal striatum; amygdala; Circular Hole Board; AM251; mice; dystonia; D2 receptors; synapses; dopamine volume transmission; SNARE proteins; long-term potentiation; learning and memory; cognition; Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses; tripartite synapse; neurovascular unit; systems biology; Glutamate; NMDA receptors; dendritic spines; brain disorders; transmission electron microscopy; human neurons; induced neural stem cells; synapse; synaptic vesicles; high contrast; inhibition; computational neuroscience; GABA; n/a
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

The human brain has hundreds of billions of neurons, and at least 7 million dendrites have been hypothesized to exist for each neuron, with over 100 trillion neuron-neuron, neuron-muscle, and neuron-endocrine cell synapses [1,2]. Our body continually receives stimuli from the outer environment, and our brain's ability to respond to these stimuli is ensured through synaptic processes, motivating the foundations of this Special Issue.This reprint aims to underline the role of synaptic plasticity phenomena in our body and clarify the mechanism operated by neurons to guarantee these phenomena. The collection in the Issue comprises 14 papers, including 8 reviews and 6 original works, one of which is a protocol for differentiating neurons from human stem cells, and 5 are preclinical works.