Physical Activity, Exercise Testing and Clinical Assessment in Sports Medicine

• Other Authors: Rodríguez-Sanz, David (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023
• Subjects: Medicine; sports injuries; judo; frequency; prevalence; type; accuracy; repeatability; inertial; chronic ankle instability; whole-body vibration; balance training; injury risk; pediatric sport; lateral dominance; injury prediction; breathing pattern; breathing exercise; load; diaphragm; adolescents; anterior cruciate ligament (ACL); composite score of readiness (CSR); injury prevention; rehabilitation; football; soccer; cardiorespiratory fitness; muscular strength; motor fitness and flexibility; validation; fitness testing; adulthood; cold-water immersion; cytokines; exercise; inflammation; lysosomal enzymes; regeneration method; recovery; stress; cortisol; saliva; anxiety; rock climbers; athletes; cardiopulmonary exercise test; exercise physiology; sports performance; performance; biology; workload; postural sway; balance; equilibrium; elite athletes; gender effect; knee; ACL injury; sport; hamstring; strength; laxity; forward shoulder angle; pectoralis minor length; mechanical hyperalgesia; volleyball; blood pressure; heart rate; isokinetic dynamometry; testing; treadmill test; dynamic ultrasound; ACL tears; anterior tibial translation; test-retest reliability; prolonged sitting; ankle torque; dynamometer; muscle strength; physical activity; sedentary behaviour; cardiopulmonary exercise testing; cardiac biomarkers; ageing; physical fitness; walkers; well-being; physical exercise programme; blood plasma; oxidative stress; lipid peroxidation products; muscle damage; creatine kinase; core muscles; swimming performance; tensiomyography; sports training; accelerometry; step detection; energy expenditure; overweight; gut-brain axis; patient-reported outcome; psychoendocrinology; psychometric; psychosomatic stress; velocity; respiratory compensation point; anaerobic threshold; endurance training; running; prediction models; machine learning; aerobic exercise; Pilates; adaptive immunity; regulatory T cell; interleukin-10; rhythmic gymnasts; irisin; fibroblast growth factor-21; energy homeostasis; training stress; exercise tests; exercise tolerance; step mode testing; interpretability
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

Physical activity and exercise testing are two key points in sports medicine. Sports medicine is a field of medicine concerned with the prevention and treatment of injuries and disorders that are related to participation in sports. Clinical assessment in sports medicine can solve many questions about diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis related to health in sports. Physical activity could be defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Physical activity refers to all movement including during leisure time, for transport to get to and from places, or as part of a person's work. Both moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity improve health. Regular physical activity is proven to help prevent and manage noncommunicable diseases such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and several cancers. It also helps prevent hypertension, maintain a healthy body weight, and can improve mental health, quality of life, and well-being. Exercise could be defined as a subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive and has as a final or an intermediate objective, such as the improvement or maintenance of physical fitness. Gait and posture analysis, clinical assessment, biomechanical analysis, reliability and repeatability research, force platform and electromyography analysis are key in order to improve our knowledge in this area.