The Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia

• Other Authors: Warrington, Junie P (Editor), Palei, Ana T. (Editor), Cunningham, Mark W. (Editor), Amaral, Lorena M. (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023
• Subjects: Medicine; pre-eclampsia; eclampsia; pulmonary oedema; biobank; database; placental ischemia; seizure; ASIC2a; pregnancy; RUPP; pentylenetetrazol; melatonin; extracellular vesicle; exosome; preeclampsia; misfold proteins; endothelial cell activation; p21Cip1/CDKN1A; trophoblasts; hypoxia; trophoblast organoids; fusion; angiotensin II; AGTR1 (angiotensin II receptor type 1); bradykinin; BDKRB2 (bradykinin receptor B2); AT1R-B2R heteromer (protein complex formed of AT1R-B2R); G-protein-coupled receptor; protein aggregation; ARRB (beta-arrestin); early-onset preeclampsia; hemorheology; red blood cell aggregation; red blood cell deformability; erythrocyte; hypertension; IL-2; inflammation; oxidative stress; sFlt-1; NLRP3; nitric oxide; endothelial dysfunction; neuroinflammation; blood-brain barrier; cerebral edema; gestation; vessel; blood pressure; placenta; trophoblast; fetal growth restriction; maternal chronic venous disease (CVeD); anti-inflammation; antioxidant; ischaemia; vitamin E; glucose transporter 9; GLUT9; uric acid; cardiac dysfunction; placental factors; activin A; G-protein-coupled receptors; GPCR; weighted gene correlation network analysis; WGCNA; in vitro studies; cerebral biomarkers; NfL; tau; NSE; S100B; nebivolol; adrenoceptor; obesity; biomarkers; adipokines; adiponectin; leptin; ROS; angiogenic factors; hypoxia/reoxygenation; sFlT-1/PlGF ratio; primary trophoblast
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, diagnosed after the 20th week of gestation in women experiencing new-onset hypertension along with symptoms affecting the liver, kidneys, or brain. In some cases, women with preeclampsia develop novel seizures or unexplained coma, at which time they are diagnosed with eclampsia. The mechanisms contributing to preeclampsia and eclampsia are not fully elucidated, although the placenta seems to play a critical role. Previous studies suggest that improper placentation stimulates mitochondrial dysfunction and the exaggerated release of placental-derived molecules including inflammatory cytokines, anti-angiogenic factors, reactive oxygen species, and cell-free nucleic acids into the maternal circulation that cause systemic vascular dysfunction. These, along with maternally derived molecules, act in concert, leading to hypertension and target organ damage during pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and eclampsia.In this reprint, we present the original research articles and review papers published as part of the Special Issue: "The Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia" in Cells.