New insights in the mechanisms of opioid analgesia and tolerance: Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide down-modulates vascular endothelial growth factor-A in the nervous system
Growing evidence suggests that opioid analgesics modulate angiogenesis during pathophysiological processes. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) was recently proposed to be involved in pain development. To date, no anti-angiogenic drug is used for pain management. When administered in a bio...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Book |
| Published: |
Elsevier,
2024-11-01T00:00:00Z.
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