Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in Gingival Crevicular Fluid During Canine Retraction Using Elastic Chain and Closed Coil Spring

• المؤلفون الرئيسيون: Sri Suparwitri (مؤلف), Wahyu Hidayat (مؤلف), H. Hendrawati (مؤلف), Ananto A Alhasyimi (مؤلف)
• التنسيق: كتاب
• منشور في: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z.
• الموضوعات: article
• الوصول للمادة أونلاين: Connect to this object online.

Introduction: To investigate the levels of human tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during canine retraction movement using elastic chains and closed coil springs. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients (49 men and 51 wo...