Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in Gingival Crevicular Fluid During Canine Retraction Using Elastic Chain and Closed Coil Spring
Introduction: To investigate the levels of human tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during canine retraction movement using elastic chains and closed coil springs. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients (49 men and 51 wo...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Book |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications,
2018-01-01T00:00:00Z.
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