Contribution of smoking and air pollution exposure in urban areas to social differences in respiratory health

• Main Authors: Ranft Ulrich (Author), Pesch Beate (Author), Reimann Verena (Author), Sugiri Dorothee (Author), Schikowski Tamara (Author), Krämer Ursula (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: BMC, 2008-05-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Socio-economic status, smoking, and exposure to increased levels of environmental air pollution are associated with adverse effects on respiratory health. We assessed the contribution of occupational exposures, smoking and outdoor ai...