Botulinum toxin in management of back pain

• Main Authors: Blanka Łuczak (Author), Bianka Nowińska (Author), Katarzyna Słychan (Author), Izabela Hądzlik (Author), Jan Piotrowski (Author), Julia Biały-Karbowniczek (Author), Klaudia Bulska (Author), Patrycja Brzozowska (Author), Andrzej Piela (Author), Konrad Sławek (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Introduction The botulinum toxin is a widely used therapeutic agent.  It is used for aesthetic reasons in treatment of glabellar wrinkles. Therapeutic indications include cervical dystonia, hyperhidrosis or migrenes. Also, it can be used in pain management, especially back pain. Back pain is one of...