Development of the Emoji Faces Pain Scale and Its Validation on Mobile Devices in Adult Surgery Patients: Longitudinal Observational Study

• Main Authors: Lili Li (Author), Sicheng Wu (Author), Jian Wang (Author), Chunchun Wang (Author), Weixin Zuo (Author), Liping Yu (Author), Jiangang Song (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: JMIR Publications, 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

BackgroundMeasuring pain on digital devices using classic unidimensional pain scales such as the visual analog scale (VAS), numerical rating scale (NRS), and faces pain scale (FPS) has been proven to be reliable and valid. Emoji are pictographs designed in colorful form following the Unicode standar...