Left Internal Mammary Artery-to-Pulmonary Vein Fistula: A Rare Cause of Unstable Angina

• Main Authors: Ebubechukwu Ezeh MD (Author), Esiemoghie Akhigbe MD (Author), Mohammad Amro MD (Author), Mackenzie Hamilton MD (Author), Olusola Olubowale MD (Author), Mark Studeny MD (Author), Jason Mader MD (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: SAGE Publishing, 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

The incidence of acquired left internal mammary artery-to-pulmonary vein fistulas has been increasing in the last few decades. This has been attributed to the increase in coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). The most commonly reported symptoms are angina and dyspnea. The timing of the presentation...