THE EFFECT OF HOOKAH (SHISA) AND VAPING ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: A LITERATURE REVIEW

• मुख्य लेखकों: Aqsa Haroon (लेखक), Muhammad Atoillah Isfandiari (लेखक), Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni (लेखक)
• स्वरूप: पुस्तक
• प्रकाशित: Universitas Airlangga, 2024-05-01T00:00:00Z.
• विषय: article
• ऑनलाइन पहुंच: Connect to this object online.

Background: The popularity of shisha (hookah) and vaping as alternatives to smoking has increased significantly in recent years. Shisha smoking, prevalent in Arab nations and other regions, exposes users to various harmful substances including nicotine, fine particles, carbon monoxide, polycyclic ar...