Association of Elevated Serum GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-4, and TNF-α Concentration with Tobacco Smoke Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a South Indian Population

• Main Authors: Ankita Mitra (Author), Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah (Author), Tania Ahalya Thimraj (Author), Mahendra Maheswarappa (Author), Chaya Sindaghatta Krishnarao (Author), Komarla Sundararaja Lokesh (Author), Jayaraj Biligere Siddaiah (Author), Koustav Ganguly (Author), Mahesh Padukudru Anand (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Hindawi Limited, 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a devastating condition with limited pharmacotherapeutic options and exceptionally high public-health burden globally as well as in India. Tobacco smoking is the primary cause for COPD among men in India. Systemic inflammation involving alt...