Smoking intensity and urinary nicotine metabolites by socioeconomic status in the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study

• Main Authors: Jan Hovanec (Author), Tobias Weiß (Author), Holger M. Koch (Author), Beate Pesch (Author), Thomas Behrens (Author), Benjamin Kendzia (Author), Marina Arendt (Author), Nico Dragano (Author), Susanne Moebus (Author), Börge Schmidt (Author), Thomas Brüning (Author), Karl-Heinz Jöckel (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: BMC, 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Abstract Background Smoking intensity, which is generally based on self-reported average cigarettes per day (CPD), is a major behavioural risk factor and strongly related to socioeconomic status (SES). To assess the validity of the CPD measure, correlations with objective markers of tobacco smoke ex...