Comparison of pharmaceutical, illicit drug, alcohol, nicotine and caffeine levels in wastewater with sale, seizure and consumption data for 8 European cities

• Main Authors: Jose Antonio Baz-Lomba (Author), Stefania Salvatore (Author), Emma Gracia-Lor (Author), Richard Bade (Author), Sara Castiglioni (Author), Erika Castrignanò (Author), Ana Causanilles (Author), Felix Hernandez (Author), Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern (Author), Juliet Kinyua (Author), Ann-Kathrin McCall (Author), Alexander van Nuijs (Author), Christoph Ort (Author), Benedek G. Plósz (Author), Pedram Ramin (Author), Malcolm Reid (Author), Nikolaos I. Rousis (Author), Yeonsuk Ryu (Author), Pim de Voogt (Author), Jorgen Bramness (Author), Kevin Thomas (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: BMC, 2016-10-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Abstract Background Monitoring the scale of pharmaceuticals, illicit and licit drugs consumption is important to assess the needs of law enforcement and public health, and provides more information about the different trends within different countries. Community drug use patterns are usually describ...