A Systematic Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Typhoid Salmonella Spondylodiscitis in Immunocompetent Children
The aim of this systematic review is to distinguish the clinical features of immunocompetent children with non-typhoid <i>Salmonella</i> spondylodiscitis and summarize the diagnosis, diagnostic tools, and treatment methods to guide clinicians. The review was conducted according to the pr...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Book |
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MDPI AG,
2022-11-01T00:00:00Z.
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| Summary: | The aim of this systematic review is to distinguish the clinical features of immunocompetent children with non-typhoid <i>Salmonella</i> spondylodiscitis and summarize the diagnosis, diagnostic tools, and treatment methods to guide clinicians. The review was conducted according to the preferred PRISMA guidelines. We conducted a literature search in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Article screening, data extraction, and study evaluation were performed by two independent reviewers. A total of 20 articles, published between 1977 and 2020, were selected, which included 21 patients with average age of 12.76 years (range, 2-18) without comorbidities; in total, 19% of the patients had positive blood cultures for non-typhoid <i>Salmonella</i>, and 80.9% underwent either CT-guided or open biopsy, which were positive for NTS. All infections were monomicrobial, and 11 different serotypes of non-typhoid <i>Salmonella</i> were identified. Analyzing the reviewed cases, 52.4% of the patients presented with fever, 90.5% had localized pain, and only 19% had gastroenteritis. The most common level of discitis was the lumbar region, especially the L4/L5 level. Primarily, third-generation cephalosporin was administered, and antibiotic treatment was given for an average of 9.6 weeks. Non-typhoid <i>Salmonella</i> spondylodiscitis is a rare clinical entity in healthy and immunocompetent children. The identification of the responsible organism is essential to guide antibiotic therapy and define the treatment duration. A significant limiting factor in this systematic review was the lack of published research articles and case series due to the rarity of the disease. |
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| Item Description: | 10.3390/children9121852 2227-9067 |