Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Immunomodulatory Effects and Potential Applications in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

• Main Authors: Shaojun Hu (Author), Hongyuan Xing (Author), Jiangnan Zhang (Author), Zemin Zhu (Author), Ying Yin (Author), Ning Zhang (Author), Yiying Qi (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Hindawi Limited, 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degenerative disease is a common health problem worldwide. Administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has been widely explored in recent years. However, transplantation of MSCs is restricted by several factors. Currently, para...