Activation of NRF2 and ATF4 Signaling by the Pro-Glutathione Molecule I-152, a Co-Drug of <i>N</i>-Acetyl-Cysteine and Cysteamine

• Main Authors: Rita Crinelli (Author), Carolina Zara (Author), Luca Galluzzi (Author), Gloria Buffi (Author), Chiara Ceccarini (Author), Michael Smietana (Author), Michele Mari (Author), Mauro Magnani (Author), Alessandra Fraternale (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

I-152 combines two pro-glutathione (GSH) molecules, namely N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and cysteamine (MEA), to improve their potency. The co-drug efficiently increases/replenishes GSH levels in vitro and in vivo; little is known about its mechanism of action. Here we demonstrate that I-152 not only sup...