Smoking effect on the interleukin-1β expression and periodontal status of periodontitis patients

Smoking effect on the interleukin-1β expression and periodontal status of periodontitis patients

Background: The smoking habit is a risk factor for periodontitis. Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease associated with biofilm plaque dysbiosis and is characterized by the progressive deterioration of the periodontal tissue. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Ihsan Rizal (Author), Redha Putri Wiranda (Author), Ria Aryani Hayuningtyas (Author), Fatimah Maria Tadjoedin (Author), Ferry Sandra (Author), Melanie Sadono Djamil (Author)
Format: Book
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z.
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