The effects of fixed and removable orthodontic retainers: a systematic review

• Main Authors: Dalya Al-Moghrabi (Author), Nikolaos Pandis (Author), Padhraig S Fleming (Author)
• פורמט: ספר
• יצא לאור: SpringerOpen, 2016-07-01T00:00:00Z.
• נושאים: article
• גישה מקוונת: Connect to this object online.

Abstract Objective In the view of the widespread acceptance of indefinite retention, it is important to determine the effects of fixed and removable orthodontic retainers on periodontal health, survival and failure rates of retainers, cost-effectiveness, and impact of orthodontic retainers on patien...