Inhibitory Effects of Ketamine on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Activation

• Main Authors: Yi Chang (Author), Jie-Jen Lee (Author), Cheng-Ying Hsieh (Author), George Hsiao (Author), Duen-Suey Chou (Author), Joen-Rong Sheu (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Hindawi Limited, 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Microglia activated in response to brain injury release neurotoxic factors including nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Ketamine, an anesthetic induction agent, is generally reserved for use in patients with severe hypo...