Functional constipation refractory to medical management: The anal sphincters are the problem

• Main Authors: Laura Tiusaba (Author), Shimon E. Jacobs (Author), Elizaveta Bokova (Author), Athanasios Tyraskis (Author), Teresa L. Russell (Author), Tamador Al-Shamaileh (Author), Christina Feng (Author), Erin Teeple (Author), Anil Darbari (Author), Marc A. Levitt (Author), Andrea T. Badillo (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Elsevier, 2023-07-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Aim: Most patients with functional constipation (FC) improve with medical treatment. For those with refractory symptoms, we propose a comprehensive and multidisciplinary work-up and decision-making approach to therapy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients referred to our center between 2019...