Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are involved in the mechanism of tramadol-induced renal injury

• Main Authors: Khadijah Mousavi (Author), Ram Kumar Manthari (Author), Asma Najibi (Author), Zhipeng Jia (Author), Mohammad Mehdi Ommati (Author), Reza Heidari (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Elsevier, 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Tramadol (TMDL) is an opioid analgesic widely administered for the management of moderate to severe pain. On the other hand, TMDL is commonly abused in many countries because of its availability and cheap cost. Renal injury is related to high dose or chronic administration of TMDL. No precise mechan...