Understanding heterogeneity among individuals who smoke cigarettes and vape: assessment of biomarkers of exposure and potential harm among subpopulations from the PATH Wave 1 Data

• Main Authors: Pavel N. Lizhnyak (Author), Brendan Noggle (Author), Lai Wei (Author), Jeffery Edmiston (Author), Elizabeth Becker (Author), Ryan A. Black (Author), Mohamadi Sarkar (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: BMC, 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Abstract Introduction People who both smoke cigarettes and vape are often considered as a homogenous group even though multiple subgroups may exist. We examined biomarkers of exposure (BOE) and biomarkers of potential harm (BOPH) to differentiate between subgroups of people who smoke and vape based...