Assessment of Pain, Anxiety, and Cortisol Levels During the Initial Aligning Phase of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment

Objective:We assessed pain and anxiety using psychological testing instruments (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, visual analog scale) and a physiological testing instrument (salivary cortisol hormone level) after the insertion of orthodontic appliances and during the initial alignment pha...

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Main Authors: Alev Aksoy (Author), Mine Geçgelen Cesur (Author), Birsen Harun Dağdeviren (Author), Yasemin Alpağan Özkaynak (Author), Gizem Karacin (Author), Fatih Gültekin (Author)
Formato: Livro
Publicado em: Galenos Yayinevi, 2019-03-01T00:00:00Z.
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3rd Floor Main Library

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