Prognostic significance of the programmed death ligand 1 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and correlation with the tumor microenvironment and hypoxia-inducible factor expression

• Main Authors: Hayriye Tatli Dogan (Author), Merve Kiran (Author), Burak Bilgin (Author), Aydan Kiliçarslan (Author), Mehmet Ali Nahit Sendur (Author), Bülent Yalçin (Author), Arslan Ardiçoglu (Author), Ali Fuat Atmaca (Author), Berrak Gumuskaya (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: BMC, 2018-08-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Abstract Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common renal malignancy. Hypoxia-inducible factors, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, are expressed in the majority of ccRCC. Targeting immune checkpoints with the blockade of PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 reorganizes T-cell activity in tumor micr...