Prognostic significance of the programmed death ligand 1 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and correlation with the tumor microenvironment and hypoxia-inducible factor expression
Abstract Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common renal malignancy. Hypoxia-inducible factors, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, are expressed in the majority of ccRCC. Targeting immune checkpoints with the blockade of PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 reorganizes T-cell activity in tumor micr...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Book |
| Published: |
BMC,
2018-08-01T00:00:00Z.
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| Online Access: | Connect to this object online. |
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